Conquering Crawlies: A Comprehensive Guide to Getting Rid of Millipedes

Millipedes, those segmented, multi-legged creatures, are often found in damp, dark places, and while they don’t pose a significant health risk, their presence in and around your home can be unsettling. Unlike centipedes, which are predatory and have venomous claws, millipedes are decomposers, feeding on decaying organic matter. However, their sheer numbers can be overwhelming, especially during certain seasons. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the steps needed to effectively get rid of millipedes and prevent them from returning.

Understanding Millipedes: Biology and Behavior

Before tackling the problem, it’s crucial to understand millipede behavior and the conditions they thrive in. Millipedes are not insects; they belong to the class Diplopoda, meaning “double footed.” Each body segment typically has two pairs of legs. Unlike centipedes which move quickly, millipedes are slower and often curl up into a tight spiral when threatened. They are drawn to:

* **Damp and Moist Environments:** Millipedes require moisture to survive. They are often found in gardens, under rocks, mulch, leaf piles, and other areas where there is ample moisture and decomposing organic matter.
* **Decaying Organic Matter:** They feed on decaying leaves, wood, and other plant debris.
* **Dark and Shady Areas:** Millipedes prefer dark and hidden places, as they are nocturnal creatures.
* **Overcrowded Spaces:** They tend to cluster in areas where there are large populations of their kind.

Knowing these preferences is the first step in preventing and eliminating them.

Identifying a Millipede Infestation

Spotting one or two millipedes occasionally might not be cause for alarm, but a significant number signals a potential infestation. Here are some common signs:

* **Multiple Millipedes:** Finding a large number of millipedes on your property, especially around your foundation, in your basement, or near your garden.
* **Visible Clusters:** Observing millipedes grouped together in damp, dark corners or under objects.
* **Seasonal Appearance:** Noticing a surge in millipede numbers after heavy rains or during periods of increased humidity.
* **Dead Millipedes:** Finding a large number of dead millipedes indoors can be a sign they are attempting to come in from outside.

If you notice any of these signs, it’s time to take action.

Step-by-Step Guide to Getting Rid of Millipedes

Here’s a structured approach to eliminating a millipede problem, combining different methods for the best results:

Step 1: Reducing Moisture and Habitat

Millipedes thrive in moist environments, so removing these breeding grounds is essential.

* **Eliminate Standing Water:**
* Check your yard for areas where water pools after rain and take steps to improve drainage. This might involve grading the land, adding more soil to low spots, or using landscaping techniques to redirect water.
* Clean clogged gutters and downspouts to ensure proper drainage. Remove any leaves, debris, or other obstructions that can prevent water from flowing freely.
* Repair leaky faucets, pipes, or outdoor water features that may contribute to excess moisture.
* **Reduce Dampness Around Foundation:**
* Ensure that your downspouts discharge water at least several feet away from your foundation. Consider using downspout extensions if necessary.
* Slope the soil around your foundation so that it directs water away from your house. A gradual slope should be sufficient and should ideally be about one inch per foot.
* Make sure the soil surface near the building is not wet or damp for long periods.
* Add a layer of gravel or stones around your foundation. This can help create a barrier against moisture and millipedes.
* **Keep Yard Debris Away from Foundation:**
* Remove piles of leaves, grass clippings, and other organic debris from around the perimeter of your home. These can hold moisture and provide shelter for millipedes.
* Store firewood, lumber, and other materials away from the foundation. If possible, elevate these items to keep them off the ground.
* **Control Moisture in Crawl Spaces and Basements:**
* Use a dehumidifier to reduce moisture levels in damp basements or crawl spaces. Aim to keep the humidity level below 50%.
* Ensure crawl spaces are well-ventilated to prevent moisture buildup. Consider installing vents or a fan.
* Check and repair any plumbing leaks that may be contributing to moisture problems.

Step 2: Removing Millipedes Manually

While not the most appealing task, physically removing millipedes can help reduce their population, especially if they have already made their way into your home.

* **Vacuuming:**
* Use a shop vac or regular vacuum to collect millipedes. Empty the vacuum bag or canister immediately afterward into a sealed bag and dispose of it away from your home, so they don’t crawl back out.
* A vacuum with an extendable hose makes reaching the cracks and corners easier. This is especially helpful when dealing with a large infestation.
* **Sweeping:**
* Sweep millipedes outdoors using a broom and dustpan. Make sure to gather them into a plastic bag for disposal. Again, dispose of them away from your home, so they do not crawl back in.
* Be sure to sweep areas with high concentrations of millipedes daily until the issue subsides.
* **Hand Picking:**
* Use gloves and hand-pick millipedes if the number is manageable. Deposit them into soapy water or a container with an airtight lid for later disposal.
* Hand-picking can be more effective in small areas that are easily accessible.

Step 3: Creating a Barrier and Sealing Entry Points

Preventing millipedes from entering your home is an important step in long-term control.

* **Seal Foundation Cracks and Gaps:**
* Use caulk or sealant to fill cracks and openings in your foundation, around windows, and where pipes enter your home. Pay attention to entry points where utility lines, gas lines or water pipes come into your house.
* Inspect the foundation closely for any visible cracks. Even small openings can allow millipedes to enter. Use appropriate caulk or sealant based on the size of cracks and your exterior materials.
* **Install Door Sweeps and Weather Stripping:**
* Make sure that all doors leading to the outside have good weather stripping and door sweeps. Millipedes can squeeze through small gaps, so ensure there are no gaps between the door and frame.
* Check weather stripping around windows and replace it if needed. Gaps around windows can be an easy entry point for millipedes.
* **Screen Vents:**
* Install fine-mesh screens over vents, crawl space openings, and other entry points. These prevent millipedes from crawling in.
* Choose a screen material that is durable and weather-resistant. Ensure the screens are securely attached.
* **Inspect and seal other entry points:**
* Pay close attention to other entry points such as the areas where plumbing pipes and electrical wires enter your home. Seal around these openings with caulk or sealant.

Step 4: Using Natural Repellents

Certain natural substances can deter millipedes and are safer alternatives to harsh chemicals. These are good options for managing millipedes on the perimeter of your home or garden.

* **Diatomaceous Earth (DE):**
* Food-grade DE is a natural, non-toxic substance that dehydrates millipedes. Spread it around the perimeter of your home, in gardens, and other areas where millipedes are present. Reapply after rain.
* Wear a mask while applying Diatomaceous Earth, to prevent inhalation. Use it in areas that are dry, as the substance becomes ineffective when wet.
* **Essential Oils:**
* Mix essential oils like peppermint, eucalyptus, or citrus with water and spray it around areas where millipedes are present. Millipedes dislike the strong scents. Spray every few days for the best results.
* Ensure you use essential oils that are safe for pets and children.
* **Neem Oil:**
* Dilute neem oil with water and spray it on vegetation and other areas where millipedes are likely to hide. Neem oil disrupts the millipede’s lifecycle and discourages them from staying in the treated areas.
* Neem oil should be used sparingly around plants and other foliage.

Step 5: Applying Insecticides (If Necessary)

If other methods are not effective, you may consider using insecticides. These should be used sparingly and cautiously, following all label directions. Always prioritize less toxic options before moving on to stronger chemicals.

* **Outdoor Perimeter Sprays:**
* Use insecticides labeled for outdoor use and specifically for millipede control. Apply it around the perimeter of your home, paying close attention to cracks, crevices, and areas where millipedes congregate. Apply a small barrier strip to the ground surrounding your home to prevent them from entering.
* Follow all product directions carefully for application rate, frequency, and safety precautions. Always wear gloves and safety glasses when applying pesticides.
* **Dust Insecticides:**
* Dusts containing pyrethrin or similar insecticides can be used in hard-to-reach areas such as crawl spaces and cracks. They are more effective when applied in dry locations.
* Use a duster to apply the insecticide in these areas. Make sure to wear a mask and gloves during application.
* **Granular Baits:**
* Use an insecticide granular bait labeled for millipedes. Sprinkle the granules in areas where millipedes are active. Keep the granules away from children and pets.
* Granular baits should only be used outside.

**Important Safety Considerations When Using Insecticides:**
* Always read the label instructions carefully before applying any insecticide. Pay particular attention to proper dosage, application instructions, and safety precautions.
* When using a spray insecticide, ensure there is adequate ventilation and do not spray into the air. Try to apply it in targeted areas.
* Wear protective clothing, gloves, safety glasses and a mask. Wash your hands immediately after using insecticide.
* Keep children and pets away from areas where insecticide has been used until it has dried or had time to settle.
* Avoid using insecticides inside the home unless it is specifically labeled for indoor use and is a safe formulation.

Step 6: Prevention and Maintenance

Preventing millipedes from returning requires ongoing effort and consistent maintenance.

* **Regular Yard Maintenance:**
* Keep your lawn trimmed and remove yard waste regularly. Trim low-hanging branches and foliage to increase airflow and sunlight, which reduces moisture.
* Aerate your lawn regularly to help with drainage and prevent the build-up of damp conditions.
* **Proper Mulching:**
* Use a thin layer of mulch, no more than 2-3 inches, to prevent excessive moisture retention. Avoid placing mulch directly against the foundation of your home. Use gravel or stones near the foundation as a mulch alternative. You might consider using alternatives such as cedar bark mulch, which tends to discourage many bugs.
* Do not use damp mulching material such as grass clippings.
* **Monitoring and Inspection:**
* Regularly inspect your property for signs of millipedes and address issues early before they escalate. Pay particular attention to dark, damp areas and take action as soon as you see a problem.
* Keep a watchful eye on areas where millipedes have been present in the past.
* **Maintain Drainage:**
* Ensure your drainage system is working effectively. Repair any issues that may cause standing water or moisture around your foundation.
* Check gutters and downspouts frequently to ensure they are not clogged. Remove leaves, twigs and other debris.
* **Professional Pest Control:**
* If you are struggling to manage a millipede infestation despite your best efforts, consider contacting a professional pest control company. They have the expertise and tools to handle stubborn infestations and create a preventative plan tailored to your home and property.
* Do your research before choosing a pest control company. Read reviews, check licenses and choose a company with a good reputation.

Conclusion

Getting rid of millipedes can be a challenge, but by combining these preventative measures, removal strategies, and barrier techniques, you can effectively manage the problem and keep these creepy crawlies away from your home. Consistent effort, regular inspections, and prompt action when you notice an increase in their numbers are key to maintaining a millipede-free environment. Remember to focus on reducing moisture, sealing entry points, and eliminating their food sources to create an inhospitable environment for these multi-legged invaders.