Shine On: How to Prevent Your Gold Plated Jewelry from Tarnishing

Gold plated jewelry offers a beautiful and affordable way to enjoy the look of gold without the hefty price tag of solid gold pieces. However, one common concern with gold plated items is their tendency to tarnish over time. Tarnish is that dull, discolored layer that forms on the surface of the metal, diminishing its shine and beauty. Understanding why gold plated jewelry tarnishes and, more importantly, how to prevent it, is crucial to keeping your pieces looking their best for as long as possible.

Understanding Gold Plating and Tarnishing

Before diving into preventative measures, let’s understand what gold plating is and why it tarnishes.

What is Gold Plating?

Gold plating is a process where a thin layer of gold is deposited onto the surface of another metal, typically a base metal like nickel, copper, brass, or silver. This layer of gold provides the aesthetic appeal of solid gold at a fraction of the cost. The thickness of the gold layer is measured in microns (µm), with thicker plating generally being more durable and resistant to tarnish.

Why Does Gold Plated Jewelry Tarnish?

Tarnishing is primarily caused by the oxidation of the base metal underneath the gold plating. Here’s a breakdown of the process:

* Exposure to Air and Moisture: The base metals react with oxygen and moisture in the air, leading to oxidation. This reaction forms a layer of oxides on the surface.
* Contact with Chemicals: Substances like perfumes, lotions, sweat, hairspray, cleaning products, and even the natural oils from your skin can accelerate the tarnishing process. These chemicals contain compounds that react with the base metals, causing them to corrode.
* Thin Gold Layer: Because the gold layer is thin, it’s often porous and can wear away over time, exposing the base metal to the elements.
* Diffusion: In some cases, the base metal can actually diffuse through the gold layer, reaching the surface and causing tarnish directly.

Preventative Measures: A Step-by-Step Guide

Now that we understand the causes of tarnishing, let’s explore practical steps you can take to prevent it and extend the life of your gold plated jewelry.

1. Minimize Exposure to Harsh Chemicals

This is arguably the most important step in preventing tarnish. Chemicals are a major culprit in accelerating the tarnishing process.

* Apply Perfume and Lotion Before Wearing Jewelry: Always apply perfumes, lotions, hairspray, and other cosmetic products *before* putting on your gold plated jewelry. Allow these products to fully dry before adorning yourself with your favorite pieces. This creates a barrier, preventing direct contact between the chemicals and the jewelry’s surface.
* Remove Jewelry Before Cleaning: Household cleaners, even mild ones, can contain harsh chemicals that damage the gold plating. Always remove your jewelry before cleaning, washing dishes, gardening, or engaging in any activity that exposes it to cleaning agents or chemicals.
* Avoid Swimming with Gold Plated Jewelry: Chlorine in swimming pools and salt water in the ocean are highly corrosive. Remove your jewelry before swimming in either environment to prevent immediate and significant damage.
* Be Mindful of Sweat: Sweat contains salts and acids that can contribute to tarnishing. If you’re exercising or engaging in physical activity that causes you to sweat, remove your jewelry beforehand. If you forget, make sure to clean your jewelry immediately afterward (more on cleaning later).

2. Proper Cleaning Techniques

Regular and gentle cleaning is essential for removing dirt, oils, and other residues that can contribute to tarnishing. However, it’s crucial to use the right methods and materials to avoid damaging the gold plating.

* Use a Soft Cloth: The best way to clean gold plated jewelry is with a soft, lint-free cloth, such as a microfiber cloth. Gently wipe the jewelry after each wear to remove any oils, dirt, or sweat that may have accumulated. This simple step can significantly extend the life of your pieces.
* Warm Water and Mild Soap: For more thorough cleaning, use a solution of warm water and a very mild soap (like baby shampoo or a gentle dish soap).
* Preparation: Fill a small bowl with lukewarm water. Add a single drop of mild soap and gently stir to create a soapy solution. Avoid using hot water, as it can damage some types of plating.
* Cleaning: Dip the soft cloth into the soapy water and gently wipe the jewelry. Avoid scrubbing or using abrasive cleaners, as these can scratch or wear away the gold plating.
* Rinsing: Rinse the jewelry thoroughly under lukewarm water to remove any soap residue. Make sure all traces of soap are gone, as residue can attract dirt and contribute to tarnishing.
* Drying: Pat the jewelry completely dry with a clean, soft, lint-free cloth. Ensure there is no moisture left, as moisture can accelerate tarnishing.
* Avoid Abrasive Cleaners: Never use abrasive cleaners, polishing cloths designed for solid gold, or harsh chemicals like bleach or ammonia on gold plated jewelry. These will damage or remove the gold plating.
* Ultrasonic Cleaners: While ultrasonic cleaners are effective for cleaning some types of jewelry, they are generally not recommended for gold plated jewelry. The vibrations can loosen or remove the gold plating.

3. Proper Storage is Key

How you store your gold plated jewelry plays a significant role in preventing tarnish. The goal is to minimize exposure to air, moisture, and light.

* Individual Storage: Store each piece of jewelry separately in a soft pouch or jewelry box compartment. This prevents scratching and tangling, which can damage the gold plating. Consider using pouches made of velvet or microfiber, as these materials are gentle on the jewelry’s surface.
* Air-Tight Containers: For long-term storage, consider using air-tight containers or zip-lock bags. Squeeze out as much air as possible before sealing the bag. This minimizes exposure to oxygen and moisture, which are the primary culprits of tarnishing.
* Anti-Tarnish Strips: Place anti-tarnish strips or cloths in your jewelry box or storage container. These strips absorb sulfur and other pollutants in the air that contribute to tarnishing. Replace the strips regularly according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
* Avoid Humid Environments: Store your jewelry in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and humidity. Avoid storing it in bathrooms or near sources of moisture, as these environments promote tarnishing.

4. Consider Protective Coatings

Applying a protective coating can provide an extra layer of defense against tarnishing and wear.

* Jewelry Sealants: Several jewelry sealants are specifically designed to protect gold plated jewelry. These sealants create a barrier between the gold plating and the environment, preventing oxidation and corrosion. Look for sealants that are clear, non-toxic, and specifically formulated for jewelry. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully when applying the sealant.
* Clear Nail Polish (Use with Caution): Some people recommend using clear nail polish as a protective coating. However, this method should be used with caution. Ensure the nail polish is completely clear and free of any additives. Apply a very thin layer to the inside of the jewelry (the part that comes into direct contact with your skin) and allow it to dry completely before wearing. Be aware that the nail polish may eventually chip or peel, requiring reapplication. Also, some nail polishes can react negatively with certain base metals, so test a small, inconspicuous area first.

5. Understanding the Quality of Gold Plating

The quality of the gold plating itself significantly impacts its resistance to tarnishing.

* Gold Purity: Higher karat gold (e.g., 24K) is purer and less likely to tarnish than lower karat gold (e.g., 10K). However, pure gold is very soft and not suitable for plating. Therefore, gold plated jewelry typically uses gold alloys. Look for pieces with a higher percentage of gold in the plating alloy.
* Plating Thickness: The thickness of the gold plating is measured in microns (µm). Thicker plating is more durable and resistant to wear and tarnishing. Look for pieces with plating that is at least 2.5 microns thick. Vermeil, which is sterling silver plated with a thick layer of gold (at least 2.5 microns), is a good option for more durable gold plated jewelry.
* Base Metal: The type of base metal used underneath the gold plating also affects its resistance to tarnishing. Some base metals, like stainless steel, are more resistant to corrosion than others, like copper or brass. Jewelry with a base metal that is less prone to tarnishing will generally last longer.

6. Routine Inspection and Maintenance

Regularly inspect your gold plated jewelry for any signs of wear or damage. Early detection allows you to take corrective action before the problem worsens.

* Check for Scratches and Chips: Examine the jewelry for any scratches, chips, or areas where the gold plating has worn away. If you notice any damage, consider having the piece re-plated by a professional jeweler. Re-plating involves applying a new layer of gold to the jewelry, restoring its original shine and protecting the base metal from tarnishing.
* Examine Clasps and Closures: Ensure that clasps and closures are functioning properly. Loose or damaged clasps can cause the jewelry to rub against other surfaces, leading to wear and tear.
* Clean Regularly: Even if your jewelry looks clean, make it a habit to clean it regularly using the methods described above. This will prevent the build-up of dirt, oils, and other residues that can contribute to tarnishing.

What to Do If Your Gold Plated Jewelry Tarnishes

Despite your best efforts, gold plated jewelry may still tarnish over time. If this happens, don’t despair. There are several steps you can take to try to restore its shine.

* Gentle Cleaning: Start by cleaning the jewelry using the warm water and mild soap method described above. Gently rub the tarnished areas with a soft cloth. In many cases, this will remove the tarnish and restore the jewelry’s shine.
* Commercial Jewelry Cleaners (Use with Extreme Caution): Some commercial jewelry cleaners are designed for cleaning gold plated jewelry. However, these should be used with extreme caution, as many contain harsh chemicals that can damage the gold plating. If you choose to use a commercial cleaner, select one that is specifically formulated for gold plated jewelry and follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully. Test the cleaner on a small, inconspicuous area first to ensure it doesn’t damage the plating.
* Baking Soda Paste (Use with Caution): A paste made from baking soda and water can sometimes be effective for removing tarnish. However, baking soda is mildly abrasive and can scratch the gold plating if used improperly.
* Preparation: Mix a small amount of baking soda with just enough water to form a thick paste.
* Application: Apply the paste to the tarnished areas of the jewelry. Gently rub the paste with a soft cloth. Avoid scrubbing or applying too much pressure.
* Rinsing: Rinse the jewelry thoroughly under lukewarm water to remove all traces of baking soda.
* Drying: Pat the jewelry completely dry with a clean, soft, lint-free cloth.
* Re-plating: If the tarnish is severe or if the gold plating has worn away, the best option may be to have the jewelry re-plated by a professional jeweler. This will restore the jewelry to its original condition and protect the base metal from further tarnishing.

Conclusion

Gold plated jewelry is a beautiful and affordable way to accessorize your look. By understanding the causes of tarnishing and following these preventative measures, you can keep your pieces looking their best for years to come. Remember to minimize exposure to harsh chemicals, clean your jewelry regularly and gently, store it properly, and consider protective coatings. With a little care and attention, you can enjoy the beauty of gold without the high cost and keep your gold plated jewelry shining brightly. Enjoy your jewelry collection!