How to Cure Mange in Dogs: A Comprehensive Guide

Mange is a skin disease in dogs caused by various species of mites. These tiny parasites burrow into the skin, causing intense itching, hair loss, inflammation, and secondary infections. Recognizing the type of mange affecting your dog and understanding effective treatment options are crucial for restoring their health and comfort. This comprehensive guide will delve into the different types of mange, their symptoms, diagnostic methods, and, most importantly, how to cure mange in dogs with detailed steps and instructions.

## Understanding Mange in Dogs

Before diving into treatment, it’s essential to understand the different types of mange and their causes:

* **Demodectic Mange (Demodicosis):** This type of mange is caused by *Demodex canis* mites. These mites are naturally present in small numbers in the hair follicles of most dogs. However, an overgrowth of these mites, often due to a weakened immune system, can lead to demodectic mange. It’s not contagious to humans or other animals in most cases.

* **Localized Demodectic Mange:** Affects small, isolated areas of the body, often the face, legs, or feet. Characterized by patches of hair loss and mild skin irritation. More common in puppies.
* **Generalized Demodectic Mange:** Affects larger areas of the body, often involving the entire body. Can lead to secondary bacterial infections, deep skin lesions, and systemic illness. More serious and requires more aggressive treatment.
* **Sarcoptic Mange (Scabies):** This highly contagious type of mange is caused by *Sarcoptes scabiei* mites. These mites burrow into the skin, causing intense itching and inflammation. Sarcoptic mange is highly contagious to other dogs, cats, and even humans (though the infestation in humans is usually self-limiting).

## Recognizing the Symptoms of Mange

The symptoms of mange can vary depending on the type of mange and the severity of the infestation. However, some common signs to watch out for include:

* **Intense Itching (Pruritus):** This is the hallmark symptom of mange, especially sarcoptic mange. The itching can be so severe that the dog scratches, bites, and rubs constantly, leading to self-inflicted wounds.
* **Hair Loss (Alopecia):** Hair loss is common in both demodectic and sarcoptic mange. It can be localized to small patches or widespread across the body.
* **Redness and Inflammation of the Skin:** The skin may appear red, inflamed, and irritated due to the mites burrowing and the dog’s scratching.
* **Skin Lesions and Sores:** Open sores, scabs, and crusts may develop due to scratching and secondary infections.
* **Thickened Skin:** In chronic cases, the skin may become thickened and leathery.
* **Odor:** Secondary bacterial or yeast infections can lead to an unpleasant odor.
* **Lymph Node Enlargement:** In severe cases, the lymph nodes may become enlarged.

## Diagnosing Mange in Dogs

If you suspect your dog has mange, it’s crucial to consult with your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis. The veterinarian will typically perform the following:

* **Physical Examination:** A thorough physical examination to assess the dog’s overall health and examine the skin lesions.
* **Skin Scraping:** This is the most common diagnostic test for mange. The veterinarian will scrape the skin surface with a scalpel blade to collect skin cells and debris. The sample is then examined under a microscope to identify mites.
* **Hair Pluck:** In some cases, a hair pluck may be performed to examine the hair follicles for mites.
* **Fecal Floatation:** While not directly diagnostic for mange, a fecal floatation may be performed to rule out other parasites that can cause similar symptoms.
* **Response to Treatment:** In some cases, the veterinarian may diagnose mange based on the dog’s response to treatment, especially if skin scrapings are negative but suspicion remains high.

It’s important to note that skin scrapings can sometimes be negative, even if the dog has mange. This is because mites may be difficult to find, especially in sarcoptic mange, where they burrow deep into the skin. Therefore, your veterinarian may recommend treating your dog for mange even if the skin scraping is negative, based on the clinical signs and history.

## How to Cure Mange in Dogs: Treatment Options

The treatment for mange depends on the type of mange, the severity of the infestation, and the dog’s overall health. Here’s a detailed overview of the common treatment options:

### 1. Veterinary Prescribed Medications

* **Amitraz Dip (Mitaban):** This is a commonly used treatment for demodectic mange. It’s a topical dip that is applied to the entire body every 1-2 weeks for several weeks. Amitraz can have side effects, especially in small breeds and dogs with certain medical conditions. It’s crucial to follow your veterinarian’s instructions carefully.

* **Preparation:** Wear gloves and eye protection when preparing and applying the dip. Dilute the amitraz concentrate according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Use lukewarm water.
* **Application:** Bathe your dog with a mild shampoo to remove dirt and debris. Rinse thoroughly. Apply the amitraz dip to the entire body, avoiding the eyes and mouth. Allow the dip to air dry. Do not rinse.
* **Frequency:** Repeat the treatment every 1-2 weeks, as directed by your veterinarian. Continue treatment until skin scrapings are negative for mites.
* **Precautions:** Amitraz can be toxic. Use with caution in small breeds, puppies, and dogs with diabetes or other medical conditions. Monitor your dog for side effects, such as sedation, vomiting, or diarrhea. Contact your veterinarian immediately if you notice any adverse reactions.
* **Ivermectin:** This is an antiparasitic medication that can be used to treat both demodectic and sarcoptic mange. It’s typically given orally or by injection. Ivermectin can be toxic to certain breeds, such as Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs, and Australian Shepherds, due to a genetic mutation (MDR1 gene). Your veterinarian may recommend a genetic test before using ivermectin in these breeds.

* **Dosage:** The dosage of ivermectin will depend on the dog’s weight and the severity of the infestation. Your veterinarian will determine the appropriate dosage.
* **Administration:** Ivermectin can be given orally or by injection. Follow your veterinarian’s instructions carefully.
* **Precautions:** Ivermectin can be toxic to certain breeds. Monitor your dog for side effects, such as dilated pupils, tremors, or seizures. Contact your veterinarian immediately if you notice any adverse reactions.
* **Milbemycin Oxime (Interceptor, Sentinel):** This is another antiparasitic medication that can be used to treat demodectic mange. It’s typically given orally on a monthly basis.

* **Dosage:** The dosage of milbemycin oxime will depend on the dog’s weight. Your veterinarian will determine the appropriate dosage.
* **Administration:** Milbemycin oxime is given orally, usually with food.
* **Precautions:** Milbemycin oxime is generally safe, but some dogs may experience mild side effects, such as vomiting or diarrhea. Contact your veterinarian if you notice any adverse reactions.
* **Selamectin (Revolution):** This is a topical medication that is applied to the skin once a month. It’s effective against sarcoptic mange and some types of demodectic mange. It’s a good option for dogs who are sensitive to oral medications.

* **Application:** Apply selamectin to the skin between the shoulder blades, as directed by your veterinarian. Avoid getting the medication in the dog’s eyes or mouth.
* **Frequency:** Apply selamectin once a month.
* **Precautions:** Selamectin is generally safe, but some dogs may experience mild skin irritation at the application site. Contact your veterinarian if you notice any adverse reactions.
* **Fluralaner (Bravecto):** This is an oral medication that provides long-lasting protection against fleas and ticks, and it’s also effective against demodectic and sarcoptic mange. It’s given orally every 12 weeks.

* **Dosage:** The dosage of fluralaner will depend on the dog’s weight. Your veterinarian will determine the appropriate dosage.
* **Administration:** Fluralaner is given orally, usually with food.
* **Precautions:** Fluralaner is generally safe, but some dogs may experience mild side effects, such as vomiting or diarrhea. Contact your veterinarian if you notice any adverse reactions.
* **Afoxolaner (NexGard):** Similar to Bravecto, Afoxolaner is an oral medication used for flea and tick prevention that is also effective against certain types of mange. It is given monthly.

* **Dosage:** The dosage of Afoxolaner will depend on the dog’s weight. Your veterinarian will determine the appropriate dosage.
* **Administration:** Afoxolaner is given orally, usually with food.
* **Precautions:** Some dogs may experience vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, or in rare cases, seizures. Consult your vet immediately if adverse reactions occur.
* **Antibiotics:** Secondary bacterial infections are common in dogs with mange. Your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics to treat these infections.

* **Types:** Common antibiotics used include cephalexin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and clindamycin.
* **Dosage and Duration:** Follow your veterinarian’s instructions carefully regarding the dosage and duration of antibiotic treatment.
* **Anti-inflammatory Medications:** Corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching.

* **Types:** Prednisone is a common corticosteroid used to treat inflammation. Other options include antihistamines.
* **Dosage and Duration:** Follow your veterinarian’s instructions carefully regarding the dosage and duration of anti-inflammatory medication treatment. Long-term use of corticosteroids can have side effects.

### 2. Topical Treatments

In addition to veterinary-prescribed medications, topical treatments can help relieve itching, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.

* **Medicated Shampoos:** Shampoos containing ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, chlorhexidine, or sulfur can help kill mites, remove debris, and treat secondary infections.

* **Application:** Bathe your dog with the medicated shampoo 2-3 times a week, or as directed by your veterinarian. Follow the instructions on the shampoo label carefully.
* **Precautions:** Avoid getting the shampoo in the dog’s eyes or mouth. Rinse thoroughly.
* **Lime Sulfur Dip:** This is a traditional treatment for mange. It’s a topical dip that is applied to the entire body. It has a strong odor and can stain clothing and furniture.

* **Preparation:** Wear gloves and eye protection when preparing and applying the dip. Dilute the lime sulfur concentrate according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Use lukewarm water.
* **Application:** Bathe your dog with a mild shampoo to remove dirt and debris. Rinse thoroughly. Apply the lime sulfur dip to the entire body, avoiding the eyes and mouth. Allow the dip to air dry. Do not rinse.
* **Frequency:** Repeat the treatment every 5-7 days, as directed by your veterinarian. Continue treatment until skin scrapings are negative for mites.
* **Precautions:** Lime sulfur dip has a strong odor and can stain clothing and furniture. Use with caution in pregnant or nursing dogs.
* **Aloe Vera:** Aloe vera gel can help soothe irritated skin and promote healing. Apply a thin layer of aloe vera gel to the affected areas several times a day.

* **Application:** Apply a thin layer of pure aloe vera gel to the affected skin areas.
* **Frequency:** Apply several times a day as needed.
* **Coconut Oil:** Coconut oil has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It can help soothe irritated skin and reduce inflammation. Apply a thin layer of coconut oil to the affected areas several times a day.

* **Application:** Apply a thin layer of virgin coconut oil to the affected skin areas.
* **Frequency:** Apply several times a day as needed.

### 3. Home Care and Supportive Measures

In addition to medication and topical treatments, good home care and supportive measures are essential for helping your dog recover from mange.

* **Isolate Your Dog:** Sarcoptic mange is highly contagious. Isolate your dog from other pets and people to prevent the spread of the mites. Wash all bedding, toys, and other items that your dog has come into contact with in hot water and detergent. Vacuum thoroughly and disinfect surfaces.
* **Maintain Good Hygiene:** Bathe your dog regularly with a medicated shampoo, as directed by your veterinarian. Keep the dog’s bedding clean and dry. Wash your hands thoroughly after handling your dog.
* **Provide a Nutritious Diet:** A healthy diet is essential for a strong immune system. Feed your dog a high-quality diet that is rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals. Consider adding omega-3 fatty acids to the diet, as they can help improve skin health.
* **Reduce Stress:** Stress can weaken the immune system. Provide your dog with a comfortable and stress-free environment. Make sure your dog gets plenty of exercise and mental stimulation.
* **Boost the Immune System:** Consider supplementing your dog’s diet with immune-boosting supplements, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and probiotics. Consult with your veterinarian before giving your dog any supplements.
* **Clip the Hair Around Affected Areas:** This allows for better penetration of topical medications and reduces moisture buildup that can exacerbate skin infections.
* **Address Secondary Infections:** Work closely with your veterinarian to promptly treat any secondary bacterial or yeast infections that may develop.

## Preventing Mange

While it’s not always possible to prevent mange, there are some steps you can take to reduce your dog’s risk:

* **Maintain a Strong Immune System:** A healthy immune system is the best defense against mange. Feed your dog a high-quality diet, provide regular exercise, and reduce stress.
* **Avoid Contact with Infected Animals:** Sarcoptic mange is highly contagious. Avoid contact with dogs who have mange or who are suspected of having mange.
* **Regular Veterinary Checkups:** Regular veterinary checkups can help detect mange early, when it’s easier to treat.
* **Prophylactic Treatments:** Some flea and tick preventatives, such as selamectin and fluralaner, are also effective against mange mites. Talk to your veterinarian about using these medications to prevent mange.
* **Maintain a Clean Environment:** Regularly clean and disinfect your dog’s bedding, toys, and living areas to reduce the risk of mite infestation.

## Natural Remedies for Mange: Proceed with Caution

While numerous websites promote natural remedies for mange, it’s crucial to approach them with caution. Many lack scientific evidence and may not be effective. Some can even be harmful to your dog. Always consult with your veterinarian before using any natural remedies. Some examples of natural remedies and associated cautions include:

* **Tea Tree Oil:** Highly toxic to dogs if ingested. Should only be used topically in very diluted form and under strict veterinary supervision.
* **Neem Oil:** Can cause skin irritation in some dogs. Test a small area before applying to larger areas.
* **Apple Cider Vinegar:** While sometimes suggested for pH balancing, it can irritate open sores and delay healing. It’s best to avoid direct application.

## When to See a Veterinarian

It’s crucial to see a veterinarian if you suspect your dog has mange. Mange can be a serious condition, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for preventing complications. See a veterinarian if:

* Your dog is showing signs of mange, such as intense itching, hair loss, or skin lesions.
* Your dog has been exposed to a dog with mange.
* Your dog is not responding to home remedies.
* Your dog’s condition is worsening.

## Conclusion

Mange can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition for dogs. However, with prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most dogs can make a full recovery. By understanding the different types of mange, recognizing the symptoms, and working closely with your veterinarian, you can help your dog get back to their healthy and happy selves. Remember to follow your veterinarian’s instructions carefully and to provide good home care and supportive measures to help your dog heal. Early detection and adherence to the treatment plan are key to successfully curing mange in dogs.