How to Install Snow Chains on Tires: A Step-by-Step Guide
Driving in snowy or icy conditions can be treacherous. Snow chains provide crucial traction, helping you maintain control and safety. However, improperly installed snow chains can damage your vehicle and be ineffective. This comprehensive guide will walk you through each step of installing snow chains correctly, ensuring a safer winter driving experience.
Understanding Snow Chains
Before diving into the installation process, it’s essential to understand the different types of snow chains and their compatibility with your vehicle.
Types of Snow Chains:
* **Cable Chains:** These are generally lighter and easier to install than traditional chains. They consist of steel cables with small rollers or cleats that provide traction. Cable chains are suitable for vehicles with limited wheel well clearance.
* **Link Chains:** These are the most common type, featuring interlocking metal links that form a chain pattern. They offer good traction and durability but can be more challenging to install.
* **Tire Cables:** Tire cables are lighter and easier to install. They are less aggressive than traditional chains, so they’re more suitable for light snow or ice.
* **Snow Socks:** These fabric coverings wrap around the tire and provide increased grip. They’re easy to install and remove and are best for light snow conditions, but are not suitable for extreme conditions or prolonged use on bare pavement.
Chain Compatibility:
* **Tire Size:** Ensure the chains you purchase are the correct size for your tires. Check your tire sidewall for the tire size (e.g., 225/65R17). The chain packaging will specify which tire sizes it fits.
* **Vehicle Type:** Some vehicles, particularly those with low clearance or specific suspension systems, may require specific types of chains or have restrictions on chain use. Consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual for guidance.
* **Chain Clearance:** Check your vehicle’s owner’s manual for any specific guidance regarding snow chain use, including any potential clearance issues. Low-profile tires and some suspension setups can affect chain clearance.
Essential Preparations Before Installation
Proper preparation is key to a smooth and safe installation process.
Gather Your Supplies:
* **Snow Chains:** Ensure you have the correct size and type of chains for your vehicle.
* **Gloves:** Protect your hands from the cold and dirt.
* **Kneeling Pad or Cardboard:** Provides a comfortable surface to kneel on.
* **Flashlight or Headlamp:** Essential for visibility in low-light conditions.
* **Wheel Chocks:** To prevent the vehicle from rolling.
* **Towel or Rag:** To clean your hands.
* **Owner’s Manual:** For vehicle-specific instructions and recommendations.
* **Zip Ties or Bungee Cords (Optional):** To secure loose chain ends.
Safety Precautions:
* **Location:** Choose a safe, level location away from traffic to install the chains. A parking lot or the shoulder of a road (if safe and legal) are suitable options.
* **Visibility:** Ensure you have adequate lighting, especially if installing chains at night or in poor weather conditions. Turn on your hazard lights to alert other drivers.
* **Emergency Kit:** Keep an emergency kit in your vehicle with essentials like a first-aid kit, blankets, and a phone charger.
* **Practice:** It’s a good idea to practice installing the chains in a safe environment before you actually need them in an emergency.
Step-by-Step Installation Guide
Follow these steps carefully to install your snow chains correctly.
Step 1: Prepare Your Vehicle
* **Engage the Parking Brake:** Make sure the parking brake is firmly engaged to prevent the vehicle from rolling.
* **Wheel Chocks:** Place wheel chocks behind the wheels that are not being chained. This adds an extra layer of safety.
* **Identify Drive Wheels:** Determine which wheels drive your vehicle (front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, or all-wheel drive). Chains are typically installed on the drive wheels. If you have all-wheel drive, consult your owner’s manual for specific recommendations. Some manufacturers recommend installing chains on the front wheels, while others recommend the rear.
Step 2: Unpack and Inspect the Chains
* **Unpack the Chains:** Carefully remove the chains from their packaging.
* **Untangle:** Lay the chains flat on the ground and untangle any knots or twists. This will make the installation process much easier.
* **Inspect for Damage:** Check the chains for any broken links, kinks, or other damage. Do not use damaged chains, as they may break during use and cause an accident.
* **Orientation:** Identify the correct orientation of the chains. Usually, one side is designed to face the tire, and the other side faces outward. Refer to the chain’s instructions for guidance. Most chains will have a smooth side (that goes against the tire) and a more aggressive, cleated side (that faces outwards).
Step 3: Drape the Chains Over the Tires
* **Positioning:** Drape the chains evenly over the tire, ensuring that the center of the chain is aligned with the center of the tire. The chain should cover as much of the tire surface as possible.
* **Behind the Tire:** Reach behind the tire and connect the ends of the chain. This is often the most difficult part of the installation, so take your time and use your gloves to protect your hands. Some chains have color-coded links or connectors to help with this step. Make sure the connection is secure, but don’t tighten it completely yet.
* **Front of the Tire:** Bring the ends of the chain around the front of the tire. Ensure the chain is evenly distributed around the tire’s circumference. The chain should be snug but not overly tight at this stage.
Step 4: Connect the Chains
* **Fasten the Inner Side:** Connect the inner side of the chain, usually with a hook or clasp. Ensure the connection is secure and that the chain is not twisted.
* **Fasten the Outer Side:** Connect the outer side of the chain, using the provided clasps, hooks, or levers. Many chains use a cam-locking system to allow for adjustable tension. Tighten the chain as much as possible without over-tightening. Overtightening can damage the chains or your vehicle.
* **Tensioning System:** If your chains have a tensioning system (ratchet or lever), use it to further tighten the chains. This will help ensure a snug fit and prevent the chains from slipping.
Step 5: Fine-Tune the Fit
* **Check for Evenness:** Ensure the chains are evenly distributed around the tire. There should be no significant gaps or loose sections.
* **Adjust Tension:** If necessary, readjust the tension on the chains. The chains should be snug but not so tight that they damage the tire or vehicle components.
* **Secure Loose Ends:** Use zip ties or bungee cords to secure any loose ends of the chains. This will prevent them from flapping around and potentially damaging your vehicle.
Step 6: Repeat for the Other Tire(s)
* **Repeat the Process:** Repeat steps 3-5 for the other drive wheel. Ensure that both chains are installed correctly and securely.
Step 7: Test the Chains
* **Drive a Short Distance:** Drive a short distance (about 50-100 feet) at a slow speed to allow the chains to settle.
* **Re-inspect:** Stop the vehicle and re-inspect the chains. Check for any looseness or unevenness. Readjust the chains as needed.
* **Listen for Unusual Noises:** Pay attention to any unusual noises, such as clanking or rubbing. These noises could indicate that the chains are not installed correctly or that they are rubbing against vehicle components.
Driving with Snow Chains
Once the chains are installed correctly, it’s essential to adjust your driving habits to ensure safety and prevent damage to the chains and your vehicle.
Driving Tips:
* **Reduce Speed:** Drive at a significantly reduced speed. Most chain manufacturers recommend a maximum speed of 30 mph (50 km/h). Driving too fast can cause the chains to break or damage your vehicle.
* **Avoid Sudden Movements:** Avoid sudden acceleration, braking, and turning. These maneuvers can put excessive stress on the chains and cause them to break or slip.
* **Maintain a Safe Distance:** Increase your following distance to allow for longer stopping times. Snow and ice can significantly reduce traction, even with chains.
* **Avoid Dry Pavement:** Avoid driving on dry pavement as much as possible. Driving on dry pavement can cause the chains to wear out quickly and can also damage the road surface.
* **Listen for Unusual Noises:** Pay attention to any unusual noises, such as clanking or rubbing. These noises could indicate that the chains are loose or damaged.
* **Regularly Check the Chains:** Stop periodically to check the chains for looseness or damage. Readjust the chains as needed.
Removing Snow Chains
Removing snow chains is just as important as installing them correctly. Follow these steps to remove your chains safely:
Step 1: Find a Safe Location
* **Safe Spot:** Choose a safe, level location away from traffic to remove the chains.
Step 2: Loosen the Chains
* **Loosen Tension:** Loosen the tensioning system (if applicable) and unfasten the outer and inner connections of the chains.
Step 3: Remove the Chains
* **Unwrap:** Unhook the chains from the tire. Pull the chains away from the tire, being careful not to damage the vehicle.
Step 4: Inspect and Store the Chains
* **Inspect:** Inspect the chains for any damage. Clean the chains with water and a brush to remove any dirt or debris.
* **Store:** Allow the chains to dry completely before storing them in their original packaging or a suitable container. Store the chains in a dry place to prevent rust.
Maintenance and Storage
Proper maintenance and storage will prolong the life of your snow chains.
Maintenance Tips:
* **Clean After Use:** Always clean your chains after each use to remove salt, dirt, and debris. Use a brush and water to scrub the chains thoroughly.
* **Dry Completely:** Allow the chains to dry completely before storing them. This will prevent rust and corrosion.
* **Inspect Regularly:** Inspect the chains regularly for any signs of wear or damage. Replace any damaged chains immediately.
* **Lubricate:** Occasionally lubricate the chains with a rust inhibitor to prevent corrosion.
Storage Tips:
* **Store in a Dry Place:** Store the chains in a dry, cool place away from direct sunlight.
* **Use a Container:** Store the chains in their original packaging or a suitable container to prevent them from tangling or getting damaged.
* **Label Clearly:** Label the container clearly so you can easily identify the chains when you need them.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Even with careful installation, you may encounter some common issues with snow chains.
Chains Slipping:
* **Cause:** Chains are too loose.
* **Solution:** Retighten the chains and ensure they are properly tensioned. Check the chains after driving a short distance and readjust as needed.
Chains Breaking:
* **Cause:** Chains are damaged, worn, or being used at excessive speeds.
* **Solution:** Replace the chains immediately. Reduce your speed and avoid sudden movements.
Chains Rubbing Against Vehicle:
* **Cause:** Chains are not properly installed or are the wrong size for the vehicle.
* **Solution:** Reinstall the chains, ensuring they are properly aligned and tensioned. Consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual to verify that the chains are compatible with your vehicle.
Difficulty Installing Chains:
* **Cause:** Lack of practice or unfamiliarity with the chain design.
* **Solution:** Practice installing the chains in a safe environment before you need them. Refer to the chain’s instructions for guidance.
Legal Considerations
Before using snow chains, it’s important to be aware of any legal requirements in your area.
Chain Laws:
* **Check Local Laws:** Check local laws and regulations regarding the use of snow chains. Some areas require chains to be used during certain times of the year or under specific weather conditions.
* **Chain Control Areas:** Be aware of chain control areas, where the use of chains is mandatory. These areas are typically marked with signs.
* **Permitted Chains:** Ensure that the chains you are using are permitted in your area. Some jurisdictions have specific requirements for chain types and sizes.
When to Use Snow Chains
Knowing when to use snow chains is crucial for safety and compliance with local laws.
Snow and Ice Conditions:
* **Significant Snowfall:** Use snow chains when driving in areas with significant snowfall, especially on steep grades or in areas with limited visibility.
* **Icy Conditions:** Use snow chains when driving on icy roads, particularly in areas with black ice or freezing rain.
* **Mandatory Chain Areas:** Use snow chains in areas where their use is mandatory, as indicated by signs or local regulations.
Alternative Traction Devices
While snow chains are a common solution for improving traction in winter conditions, there are alternative traction devices available.
Studded Tires:
* **Description:** Studded tires have metal studs embedded in the tread, providing excellent traction on ice and snow.
* **Pros:** Superior traction on ice and snow, improved braking performance.
* **Cons:** Can damage road surfaces, noisy, may be restricted in some areas.
Winter Tires:
* **Description:** Winter tires have a special tread pattern and rubber compound that provide improved traction in cold weather and on snow and ice.
* **Pros:** Improved traction in cold weather, better braking performance, quieter than studded tires.
* **Cons:** Less effective on ice than studded tires or chains, require seasonal changeover.
Snow Socks:
* **Description:** Fabric coverings that wrap around the tire, increasing grip on snow and ice.
* **Pros:** Easy to install and remove, lightweight, less expensive than chains.
* **Cons:** Not as durable as chains, less effective in deep snow or on ice, not suitable for prolonged use on bare pavement.
Conclusion
Installing snow chains correctly is essential for safe winter driving. By following these step-by-step instructions and practicing proper driving techniques, you can navigate snowy and icy conditions with confidence. Remember to prioritize safety, check local regulations, and maintain your chains to ensure they are ready when you need them. Safe travels!