Caring for Your Canine Companion’s Dew Claws: A Comprehensive Guide
Dew claws, those seemingly insignificant claws located on the inside of your dog’s legs (usually the front legs, but sometimes the hind legs as well), often get overlooked when it comes to grooming and overall canine care. However, these little digits require attention, and neglecting them can lead to discomfort, pain, and even infection for your furry friend. This comprehensive guide will provide you with everything you need to know about dew claws, from their purpose and potential problems to detailed instructions on how to properly care for them.
## What are Dew Claws, and What Do They Do?
Dew claws are essentially vestigial toes. In some breeds, they are connected to the leg bone with tendons and ligaments, offering a degree of functionality, particularly for gripping while running or climbing. In other breeds, especially those with hind dew claws, they may be loosely attached or even just skin flaps. The function of dew claws varies depending on the breed and the individual dog.
* **Grip and Stability:** For some dogs, dew claws provide extra grip and stability, especially when navigating uneven terrain or making sharp turns. They can help with traction during activities like running, digging, and climbing.
* **Holding Objects:** Some dogs use their dew claws to help hold objects, such as toys or bones, while chewing.
* **Evolutionary Remnants:** In many breeds, dew claws serve little to no practical purpose and are considered evolutionary remnants of digits that their ancestors used more actively.
## Potential Problems with Dew Claws
Because dew claws don’t make contact with the ground as frequently as the other nails, they are prone to overgrowth. This overgrowth can lead to several potential problems:
* **Overgrowth and Ingrowth:** The most common issue is overgrowth. Because dew claws don’t wear down naturally through contact with the ground, they can grow long and curl back toward the leg, potentially digging into the skin. This is extremely painful and can lead to infection.
* **Tearing and Injury:** Dew claws are vulnerable to being snagged on objects like carpets, furniture, or underbrush. This can result in painful tears, avulsions (where the claw is partially or completely ripped off), and bleeding. Such injuries are prone to infection.
* **Infection:** Any injury to the dew claw, whether from overgrowth, tearing, or trauma, can create an entry point for bacteria and fungi, leading to infection. Signs of infection include redness, swelling, pus, pain, and licking or chewing at the area.
* **Arthritis (in some cases):** If the dew claw is connected to the leg bone, injuries or repeated trauma can potentially contribute to the development of arthritis in the joint over time.
## Dew Claw Removal: To Remove or Not to Remove?
The question of whether to remove a dog’s dew claws is a controversial one. Historically, dew claw removal was a common practice, especially in certain breeds, often performed on puppies shortly after birth. However, the current veterinary consensus leans toward preserving dew claws unless there is a compelling medical reason for removal.
**Arguments Against Dew Claw Removal:**
* **Pain and Trauma:** Dew claw removal is a surgical procedure that involves cutting through bone, tendons, and ligaments. It can be painful for the dog, especially if performed on an adult dog.
* **Anesthesia Risks:** Anesthesia is required for dew claw removal, which always carries a degree of risk.
* **Potential Complications:** Like any surgical procedure, dew claw removal carries the risk of complications, such as infection, bleeding, and nerve damage.
* **Loss of Function (in some cases):** Removing dew claws in dogs where they serve a functional purpose can impact their grip and stability.
**Arguments for Dew Claw Removal:**
* **Repeated Injuries:** If a dog experiences repeated dew claw injuries despite diligent care, removal may be considered to prevent further pain and trauma.
* **Tumors or Severe Infections:** In rare cases, tumors or severe infections affecting the dew claw may necessitate removal.
**Before considering dew claw removal, it is crucial to consult with your veterinarian to discuss the pros and cons based on your dog’s individual circumstances.** Your vet can assess the dew claw’s functionality, evaluate the risk of future injuries, and advise you on the best course of action.
## Caring for Your Dog’s Dew Claws: A Step-by-Step Guide
The cornerstone of dew claw care is regular trimming. By keeping the dew claws at a healthy length, you can prevent overgrowth, ingrowth, and the risk of snagging and tearing. Here’s a step-by-step guide to trimming your dog’s dew claws:
**1. Gather Your Supplies:**
* **Dog Nail Clippers:** There are two main types of dog nail clippers: guillotine-style clippers and scissor-style clippers. Choose the type that you are most comfortable using. Guillotine clippers have a hole where you insert the nail, and a blade slices through it. Scissor-style clippers work like scissors, cutting through the nail. Make sure the clippers are sharp to ensure a clean cut.
* **Styptic Powder or Pencil:** This is essential to have on hand in case you accidentally cut the quick (the pink part of the nail that contains blood vessels and nerves). Styptic powder or a styptic pencil will quickly stop the bleeding.
* **Towel:** A towel can be helpful for restraining your dog if they are resistant to nail trimming.
* **Treats:** Positive reinforcement with treats will make the experience more pleasant for your dog.
* **Good Lighting:** Ensure you have adequate lighting to see the dew claw clearly.
**2. Prepare Your Dog:**
* **Get Your Dog Comfortable:** Before you start trimming, get your dog comfortable and relaxed. You can do this by petting them, talking to them in a soothing voice, and giving them treats. If your dog is anxious about nail trimming, start by simply handling their paws and rewarding them with treats. Gradually work your way up to touching the clippers to their paws without actually trimming.
* **Choose a Comfortable Position:** Find a position that is comfortable for both you and your dog. Some dogs prefer to sit or lie down, while others prefer to stand. You can have someone help you hold your dog if needed.
**3. Examine the Dew Claw:**
* **Locate the Quick:** Before you start trimming, carefully examine the dew claw to locate the quick. The quick is the pink part of the nail that contains blood vessels and nerves. It is important to avoid cutting the quick, as this will cause pain and bleeding. In dogs with light-colored nails, the quick is usually easy to see. In dogs with dark-colored nails, it can be more difficult to see. In this case, trim small amounts at a time and watch the cut end of the nail. As you get closer to the quick, you will see a small, dark circle in the center of the cut end.
* **Check for Any Abnormalities:** While examining the dew claw, check for any signs of abnormalities, such as redness, swelling, discharge, or unusual growths. If you notice anything concerning, consult with your veterinarian.
**4. Trim the Dew Claw:**
* **Hold the Clipper Properly:** Hold the clippers firmly and position them so that you are cutting the nail at a 45-degree angle. This will help to prevent splitting or cracking.
* **Trim Small Amounts at a Time:** It is always better to trim too little than too much. Trim small amounts of the dew claw at a time, gradually working your way toward the desired length. Stop trimming when you are close to the quick.
* **Avoid Cutting the Quick:** Be very careful not to cut the quick. If you accidentally cut the quick, your dog will yelp, and the nail will start to bleed. Apply styptic powder or a styptic pencil to the bleeding nail to stop the bleeding. Apply pressure for a few seconds until the bleeding stops.
* **Round the Edges:** After trimming the dew claw, use a nail file to round the edges and smooth out any rough spots. This will help to prevent the nail from snagging on things.
**5. Reward Your Dog:**
* **Give Treats and Praise:** After trimming the dew claws, reward your dog with treats and praise. This will help to make the experience more positive for them.
**How Often Should You Trim Dew Claws?**
The frequency of dew claw trimming depends on the individual dog and their activity level. As a general rule, you should aim to trim your dog’s dew claws every 2-4 weeks, or whenever they start to get long. If you can hear your dog’s nails clicking on the floor, it’s time for a trim.
## Dealing with Ingrown Dew Claws
If a dew claw has grown so long that it has curled back and is digging into the skin, it is considered ingrown. This is a painful condition that requires prompt attention.
**What to Do:**
* **Consult Your Veterinarian:** It is best to have your veterinarian address an ingrown dew claw. They can safely trim the nail and treat any infection that may have developed. Attempting to remove an ingrown dew claw yourself can be painful for your dog and increase the risk of infection.
* **Antibiotics or Antifungals:** If the ingrown dew claw has caused an infection, your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics or antifungals to clear it up.
* **Pain Relief:** Your veterinarian may also prescribe pain medication to help alleviate your dog’s discomfort.
**Preventing Ingrown Dew Claws:**
The best way to prevent ingrown dew claws is to trim them regularly and keep them at a healthy length.
## Cleaning and Inspecting Dew Claws
Regular cleaning and inspection are also crucial for maintaining healthy dew claws.
**Cleaning:**
* **Use a Damp Cloth:** Wipe the dew claws with a damp cloth to remove dirt and debris.
* **Mild Soap (if needed):** If the dew claws are particularly dirty, you can use a mild soap and water solution. Be sure to rinse thoroughly to remove any soap residue.
* **Dry Thoroughly:** After cleaning, dry the dew claws thoroughly with a clean towel.
**Inspection:**
* **Check for Injuries:** Regularly inspect the dew claws for any signs of injuries, such as cuts, tears, or swelling.
* **Look for Infections:** Look for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, discharge, or a foul odor.
* **Feel for Abnormalities:** Gently feel the dew claws for any abnormalities, such as lumps or bumps.
**If you notice any problems with your dog’s dew claws, consult with your veterinarian promptly.**
## Alternatives to Traditional Nail Clippers
Some dogs are particularly sensitive or fearful of traditional nail clippers. If your dog falls into this category, consider these alternatives:
* **Nail Grinder:** A nail grinder is a tool that uses a rotating abrasive tip to file down the nails. It is generally less likely to cause accidental cutting of the quick than traditional nail clippers. However, it can take some getting used to, and some dogs may be frightened by the noise and vibration.
* **Emery Boards:** For very small adjustments, or for dogs who are extremely sensitive, you can use an emery board to file down the dew claws. This is a slow process, but it is very gentle.
**Tips for Using a Nail Grinder:**
* **Introduce it Gradually:** Allow your dog to sniff and investigate the nail grinder before you turn it on. Reward them with treats for staying calm.
* **Start Slowly:** Begin by using the nail grinder on a low setting and for short periods of time.
* **Acclimate to the Noise:** Gradually increase the speed and duration of the grinding as your dog becomes more comfortable.
* **Reward with Treats:** Continue to reward your dog with treats throughout the process.
## Dew Claw Injuries: What to Do
Despite your best efforts, dew claw injuries can still happen. Here’s what to do if your dog injures their dew claw:
* **Stop the Bleeding:** If the dew claw is bleeding, apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth. If the bleeding is profuse or does not stop within a few minutes, apply styptic powder or a styptic pencil.
* **Clean the Wound:** Once the bleeding has stopped, clean the wound with a mild antiseptic solution, such as diluted povidone-iodine (Betadine) or chlorhexidine. Avoid using hydrogen peroxide, as it can damage tissue.
* **Bandage the Wound:** If possible, bandage the wound to protect it from further injury and contamination. Use a non-stick bandage and secure it with tape. Change the bandage daily or as needed.
* **Prevent Licking:** Prevent your dog from licking or chewing at the wound. This can introduce bacteria and delay healing. You may need to use an Elizabethan collar (cone) to prevent licking.
* **Consult Your Veterinarian:** Consult with your veterinarian as soon as possible, especially if the injury is severe, the bleeding is difficult to control, or there are signs of infection. Your veterinarian may need to prescribe antibiotics or pain medication.
## Breeds Prone to Dew Claw Problems
While any dog can experience dew claw problems, some breeds are more prone to them than others.
* **Breeds with Double Dew Claws:** Some breeds, such as the Great Pyrenees, Briard, and Icelandic Sheepdog, are known for having double dew claws on their hind legs. These extra dew claws can be more prone to injury and overgrowth.
* **Active Breeds:** Dogs that are highly active and spend a lot of time outdoors are more likely to injure their dew claws.
* **Breeds with Long Hair:** Breeds with long hair around their paws can be more prone to dew claw problems, as the hair can trap dirt and moisture, creating a breeding ground for bacteria.
## Conclusion
Caring for your dog’s dew claws is an essential part of responsible pet ownership. By regularly trimming, cleaning, and inspecting the dew claws, you can prevent overgrowth, injuries, and infections, and ensure your furry friend’s comfort and well-being. Remember to consult with your veterinarian if you have any concerns about your dog’s dew claws. With proper care, your dog’s dew claws will be healthy and happy for years to come.