DIY Plumbing: A Step-by-Step Guide to Installing a Toilet

Installing a new toilet might seem daunting, but with the right tools, preparation, and a detailed guide, it’s a manageable DIY project. This comprehensive guide will walk you through each step of the process, from removing the old toilet to connecting the water supply to your shiny new throne. Remember to always check your local plumbing codes before starting any plumbing work.

Tools and Materials You’ll Need

Before you begin, gather all the necessary tools and materials. This will save you time and prevent frustrating interruptions during the installation process.

* **New Toilet:** Choose a toilet that fits your bathroom layout and meets your needs. Consider features like flushing efficiency and bowl shape.
* **Wax Ring:** A new wax ring is crucial for creating a watertight seal between the toilet and the flange.
* **T-Bolts (closet bolts):** These bolts secure the toilet to the flange.
* **Flexible Water Supply Line:** Replace the old supply line with a new one. Choose a length that comfortably reaches the toilet.
* **Shims:** Plastic shims are used to level the toilet if the floor is uneven.
* **Putty Knife or Scraper:** For removing old caulk.
* **Adjustable Wrench:** For tightening and loosening nuts and bolts.
* **Channel-Lock Pliers:** For gripping and turning pipes.
* **Hacksaw or Pipe Cutter:** For cutting the water supply line if necessary.
* **Sponge and Bucket:** For cleaning up spills.
* **Gloves:** To protect your hands.
* **Safety Glasses:** To protect your eyes.
* **Toilet Auger (Optional):** Useful for clearing any blockages in the drainpipe.
* **Caulk (Silicone or Latex):** For sealing the base of the toilet to the floor.
* **Measuring Tape:** To measure the rough-in distance.
* **Level:** To ensure the toilet is level.
* **Old Towels or Rags:** For absorbing water and protecting the floor.
* **Screwdriver (Phillips and Flathead):** For various tasks.
* **Toilet Flange Repair Kit (If needed):** If your existing flange is damaged.

Step 1: Preparing for Installation – Removing the Old Toilet

This is arguably the messiest part of the job, so be prepared!

1. **Turn Off the Water Supply:** Locate the shut-off valve for the toilet. It’s usually located on the wall behind the toilet, near the floor. Turn the valve clockwise until it’s completely closed. If you can’t find a shut-off valve, you may need to turn off the main water supply to your house.
2. **Flush the Toilet:** Flush the toilet to empty the tank and bowl as much as possible. Hold the flush lever down until all the water has drained.
3. **Remove Remaining Water:** Use a sponge and bucket to remove any remaining water from the tank and bowl. Soak up the water and wring it out into the bucket.
4. **Disconnect the Water Supply Line:** Place a bucket under the water supply line connection to catch any remaining water. Use an adjustable wrench to loosen the nut connecting the supply line to the toilet tank. Disconnect the supply line from both the toilet and the shut-off valve.
5. **Remove the Toilet Bolt Caps:** Locate the plastic caps covering the bolts at the base of the toilet. Pry them off with a screwdriver or putty knife.
6. **Remove the Toilet Bolts:** Use an adjustable wrench to loosen and remove the nuts securing the toilet to the floor. If the bolts are rusted or corroded, you may need to use penetrating oil or a hacksaw to cut them off. Be careful not to damage the flange.
7. **Rock the Toilet Gently:** Once the bolts are removed, gently rock the toilet back and forth to break the wax ring seal. Be careful not to rock it too forcefully, as this could damage the drainpipe or flange.
8. **Lift the Toilet:** Carefully lift the toilet straight up and off the flange. It may be heavy, so get help if needed. Avoid tilting the toilet, as this could cause water to spill out.
9. **Place the Toilet on Old Towels:** Place the old toilet on old towels or a piece of cardboard to protect the floor.

Step 2: Preparing the Flange and Drain

The flange is the connecting point between the toilet and the drainpipe. Ensuring it’s in good condition is crucial for a leak-proof installation.

1. **Inspect the Flange:** Carefully inspect the flange for cracks, damage, or corrosion. If the flange is damaged, you may need to repair or replace it. Minor cracks can sometimes be repaired with a toilet flange repair kit.
2. **Remove the Old Wax Ring:** Use a putty knife or scraper to remove the old wax ring from the flange and the bottom of the old toilet. Scrape away all traces of the old wax.
3. **Clean the Flange:** Clean the flange thoroughly with a damp cloth to remove any debris or residue. Ensure the surface is clean and dry.
4. **Check the Drainpipe:** Look into the drainpipe to ensure it’s clear of any obstructions. If you suspect a blockage, use a toilet auger to clear it.
5. **Measure the Rough-In Distance:** Measure the distance from the wall behind the toilet to the center of the flange bolts. This is the rough-in distance. This measurement is critical for ensuring the new toilet will fit properly. Most toilets are designed for a 12-inch rough-in, but some are available in 10-inch or 14-inch sizes.

Step 3: Installing the New Toilet

Now comes the exciting part – installing your new toilet!

1. **Install New T-Bolts (Closet Bolts):** Insert new T-bolts into the slots on the flange. Make sure the bolts are positioned correctly so they will align with the holes in the base of the toilet.
2. **Install the Wax Ring:** Carefully place a new wax ring onto the flange, centering it over the drain opening. Some wax rings have a plastic horn that should be facing down into the drainpipe. Alternatively, you can place the wax ring on the bottom of the toilet, centering it around the waste outlet. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for your specific wax ring.
3. **Position the Toilet:** Carefully lift the new toilet and position it over the flange, aligning the holes in the base of the toilet with the T-bolts. Lower the toilet straight down onto the flange, pressing firmly to compress the wax ring and create a seal. Avoid twisting or rocking the toilet while lowering it.
4. **Secure the Toilet:** Place washers and nuts onto the T-bolts and hand-tighten them. Then, use an adjustable wrench to tighten the nuts evenly, alternating between the bolts. Be careful not to overtighten the nuts, as this could crack the porcelain base of the toilet. Tighten them until the toilet is snug against the floor.
5. **Level the Toilet:** Place a level on the toilet bowl to check if it’s level. If the toilet is not level, use plastic shims to adjust the height. Insert the shims between the toilet base and the floor until the toilet is level. Once the toilet is level, carefully trim the excess shim material with a utility knife.
6. **Install Bolt Caps:** Snap the plastic bolt caps over the nuts to conceal them.
7. **Connect the Water Supply Line:** Connect a new flexible water supply line to the toilet tank and the shut-off valve. Tighten the connections with an adjustable wrench. Be careful not to overtighten the connections, as this could damage the fittings.

Step 4: Testing and Finishing Touches

Almost there! Now it’s time to test for leaks and complete the installation.

1. **Turn on the Water Supply:** Slowly turn the shut-off valve counterclockwise to turn on the water supply. Watch carefully for any leaks at the water supply line connections.
2. **Fill the Tank:** Allow the toilet tank to fill with water. Check for any leaks around the tank and the bowl.
3. **Flush the Toilet:** Flush the toilet several times to ensure it’s flushing properly and that there are no leaks. Observe the water level in the bowl and the tank to ensure they are filling and draining correctly.
4. **Caulk the Base (Optional):** Apply a bead of caulk around the base of the toilet where it meets the floor. This will help to seal the toilet to the floor and prevent water from seeping underneath. Use a silicone or latex caulk that is specifically designed for plumbing fixtures. Smooth the caulk with your finger or a caulk smoothing tool.
5. **Clean Up:** Clean up any spills or debris around the toilet. Remove any tools and materials from the area.

Troubleshooting Common Problems

Even with careful preparation, you might encounter some common issues during toilet installation. Here’s how to troubleshoot them:

* **Leak at the Water Supply Line:** If you notice a leak at the water supply line connections, try tightening the nuts slightly. If the leak persists, check the rubber washers inside the connections and replace them if necessary. You may also need to re-apply Teflon tape to the threads of the fittings.
* **Toilet Rocks:** If the toilet rocks even after tightening the bolts, it means the floor is uneven. Add more shims until the toilet is stable.
* **Toilet Doesn’t Flush Properly:** If the toilet doesn’t flush properly, check the flapper inside the tank to ensure it’s sealing properly. You may need to adjust the chain connecting the flapper to the flush lever. Also, check the fill valve to ensure it’s filling the tank to the correct level.
* **Leak at the Base of the Toilet:** If you notice water leaking from the base of the toilet, it could indicate a problem with the wax ring seal. You may need to remove the toilet and replace the wax ring. Make sure the flange is clean and undamaged before installing a new wax ring.
* **Clogged Toilet:** If the toilet is clogged, use a plunger to try to clear the blockage. If the plunger doesn’t work, use a toilet auger to break up the clog.

Tips for Success

* **Read the Instructions:** Always read the manufacturer’s instructions for your new toilet before starting the installation.
* **Take Your Time:** Don’t rush the installation process. Take your time and follow each step carefully.
* **Get Help if Needed:** If you’re not comfortable with any part of the installation process, don’t hesitate to ask for help from a friend or family member or hire a professional plumber.
* **Check Your Local Plumbing Codes:** Before starting any plumbing work, check your local plumbing codes to ensure you’re complying with all regulations.
* **Wear Safety Glasses:** Always wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from debris.
* **Use Gloves:** Wear gloves to protect your hands from dirt and bacteria.
* **Have a Bucket and Sponge Ready:** Keep a bucket and sponge handy to clean up any spills.
* **Protect Your Floor:** Use old towels or cardboard to protect your floor from scratches and damage.

When to Call a Professional Plumber

While installing a toilet can be a DIY project, there are times when it’s best to call a professional plumber:

* **Damaged Flange:** If the flange is severely damaged or corroded, it may be difficult to repair or replace it yourself.
* **Drainage Problems:** If you’re experiencing persistent drainage problems, it could indicate a more serious plumbing issue that requires professional attention.
* **Complicated Plumbing:** If your plumbing system is complex or you’re not comfortable working with pipes, it’s best to hire a plumber.
* **Code Violations:** If you’re not familiar with local plumbing codes, a plumber can ensure that your installation complies with all regulations.
* **Peace of Mind:** If you simply want the peace of mind knowing that the job is done correctly, hiring a plumber is a good option.

Conclusion

Installing a toilet is a rewarding DIY project that can save you money. By following these step-by-step instructions and taking your time, you can successfully install a new toilet in your bathroom. Remember to prioritize safety and consult a professional plumber if you encounter any difficulties. Enjoy your new toilet!