Protect Your Paradise: A Comprehensive Guide to Using Diatomaceous Earth Outdoors
Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is a naturally occurring, versatile substance composed of fossilized diatoms – the skeletal remains of tiny, single-celled algae. For gardeners and homeowners seeking eco-friendly pest control and natural solutions for various outdoor challenges, DE is a powerful ally. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about applying diatomaceous earth outdoors effectively and safely, covering its benefits, different types, application techniques, and essential precautions.
## What is Diatomaceous Earth?
As mentioned, DE is made up of the silica shells of diatoms. These shells are incredibly small and possess unique physical properties. When observed under a microscope, they appear as intricately patterned, microscopic shards. This unique structure is key to DE’s effectiveness as an insecticide and absorbent.
There are two main types of diatomaceous earth:
* **Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth:** This type is safe for human and animal consumption and is primarily used as a food additive for livestock to control internal parasites. It’s also used in food storage to prevent insect infestations.
* **Filter Grade Diatomaceous Earth (also known as Pool Grade):** This type is processed differently and is used for filtration purposes, such as in swimming pool filters. It is **NOT** safe for consumption or use in gardens and should be avoided for outdoor applications. **Filter grade DE is harmful if inhaled and can cause lung damage.**
**For outdoor use, always choose FOOD GRADE diatomaceous earth.** This is crucial for the safety of your family, pets, and the environment.
## Benefits of Using Diatomaceous Earth Outdoors
Diatomaceous earth offers a multitude of benefits for outdoor use, making it a valuable tool for gardeners, homeowners, and anyone looking for natural solutions. Here are some of the key advantages:
* **Natural Pest Control:** DE is a highly effective insecticide against a wide range of pests, including:
* Ants
* Aphids
* Slugs and Snails
* Earwigs
* Fleas
* Ticks
* Cabbage Worms
* Colorado Potato Beetles
* Cucumber Beetles
* Fruit Flies
* Vine Borers
* And many more!
The microscopic shards of DE damage the exoskeletons of insects, causing them to dehydrate and die. It works through physical action, not chemical poisoning, so pests are less likely to develop resistance.
* **Safe for Humans and Pets (when using food-grade DE):** Food-grade diatomaceous earth is generally considered safe for humans and pets when used as directed. However, it’s still essential to avoid inhaling the dust, as it can irritate the respiratory system. Wear a mask during application.
* **Environmentally Friendly:** DE is a natural product derived from fossilized algae, making it a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides. It doesn’t persist in the environment and breaks down naturally.
* **Soil Amendment:** Diatomaceous earth can improve soil structure and drainage. It helps to aerate the soil and retain moisture, creating a more favorable environment for plant growth.
* **Odor Control:** DE can absorb odors, making it useful for controlling smells in compost bins, chicken coops, and other outdoor areas.
* **Slug and Snail Barrier:** A ring of DE around vulnerable plants can act as a barrier, preventing slugs and snails from reaching them.
* **Long-Lasting:** When kept dry, diatomaceous earth can remain effective for extended periods, providing long-term pest control.
## Essential Tools and Materials
Before you begin applying diatomaceous earth outdoors, gather the following tools and materials:
* **Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth:** Ensure you are using food-grade DE specifically labeled for insect control. Avoid filter-grade DE.
* **Dust Mask or Respirator:** Protect your lungs from inhaling DE dust by wearing a dust mask or respirator during application. N95 or higher rated masks are recommended.
* **Gloves:** Wear gloves to protect your hands from irritation.
* **Duster or Applicator:** A variety of applicators can be used, including:
* **Hand Duster:** A squeeze bulb duster is ideal for applying DE to plants and small areas.
* **Puffer Bottle:** Similar to a hand duster, but often has a longer nozzle for reaching into cracks and crevices.
* **Shaker Bottle:** A shaker bottle is suitable for spreading DE over larger areas, such as lawns or gardens.
* **Diatomaceous Earth Spreader:** Specialized spreaders are available for even distribution of DE over large areas.
* **Small Brush (Optional):** A small brush can be helpful for dusting DE onto individual plants or into hard-to-reach areas.
* **Water (Optional):** Water can be used to create a slurry of DE for application as a spray (although this is generally less effective than dry application).
* **Measuring Cup or Spoon (Optional):** For measuring DE when creating a slurry.
## Step-by-Step Guide to Applying Diatomaceous Earth Outdoors
Follow these steps for effective and safe application of diatomaceous earth in your outdoor spaces:
**1. Identify the Target Pests and Areas:**
* Before applying DE, identify the specific pests you want to control and the areas where they are most prevalent. This will help you target your application effectively.
* Observe your plants and garden for signs of pest infestations, such as chewed leaves, sticky residue, or visible insects. Check under leaves, along stems, and around the base of plants.
* Identify areas where pests are entering your home or garden, such as cracks in the foundation, gaps around doors and windows, or along pathways.
**2. Choose the Right Time for Application:**
* The best time to apply diatomaceous earth is on a dry, windless day. Rain will wash away the DE, reducing its effectiveness. Wind can also blow the DE away, making it difficult to apply accurately and increasing the risk of inhalation.
* If rain is expected, postpone the application until the weather is clear.
* Consider applying DE in the early morning or late evening, when beneficial insects like bees are less active.
**3. Prepare the Area:**
* Clear the area of any debris, such as leaves, twigs, or mulch, that could prevent the DE from reaching the target pests.
* Remove any standing water or excessive moisture, as DE is most effective when dry.
* If applying DE to plants, gently shake off any excess water or dew.
**4. Put on Protective Gear:**
* Before handling diatomaceous earth, put on your dust mask or respirator, gloves, and any other protective gear you deem necessary.
* This will protect your lungs and skin from irritation caused by the fine particles of DE.
**5. Apply Diatomaceous Earth:**
* **For Plants:**
* Using a hand duster or puffer bottle, gently puff a thin layer of DE onto the leaves, stems, and flowers of the affected plants.
* Focus on areas where pests are known to congregate, such as under leaves or along stems.
* Avoid applying too much DE, as this can smother the plant. A light dusting is all that is needed.
* For crawling insects, create a ring of DE around the base of the plant to prevent them from climbing up.
* **For Lawns and Gardens:**
* Using a shaker bottle or diatomaceous earth spreader, evenly distribute a thin layer of DE over the affected area.
* Focus on areas where pests are prevalent, such as along pathways, around garden beds, or in areas with poor drainage.
* Avoid applying too much DE, as this can create a dust cloud and make it difficult to breathe.
* Water the lawn lightly after application to help the DE settle into the soil (although this will require reapplication after the area dries).
* **For Cracks and Crevices:**
* Using a puffer bottle with a long nozzle, carefully apply DE into cracks and crevices where pests may be hiding or entering your home.
* Focus on areas around doors and windows, along the foundation, and in other areas where pests are likely to enter.
* Apply a small amount of DE to avoid creating a mess.
* **Creating a Barrier:**
* Create a barrier of DE around vulnerable plants or areas you want to protect from pests.
* Use a shaker bottle or hand to create a line of DE that is at least 1 inch wide and 1/4 inch deep.
* Maintain the barrier by reapplying DE as needed, especially after rain.
* **Around the perimeter of your home:**
* Sprinkle food grade DE in a band around the perimeter of your home foundation to prevent ants, fleas, ticks and other crawling insects from entering. Be sure to reapply after rain.
**6. Reapply as Needed:**
* Diatomaceous earth is most effective when it is dry. Rain or irrigation will wash away the DE, requiring reapplication.
* Reapply DE after rain or heavy watering, or every 7-10 days, as needed.
* Monitor the treated areas for pest activity and reapply DE as necessary to maintain control.
**7. Clean Up:**
* After applying diatomaceous earth, clean up any spills or excess DE with a damp cloth or vacuum cleaner.
* Store unused DE in a dry, airtight container.
* Wash your hands and face with soap and water after handling DE.
## Specific Applications of Diatomaceous Earth Outdoors
Here are some specific ways you can use diatomaceous earth outdoors to address common pest and gardening challenges:
* **Ant Control:** Sprinkle DE around ant mounds, along ant trails, and in areas where ants are entering your home. Reapply after rain.
* **Slug and Snail Control:** Create a ring of DE around vulnerable plants to prevent slugs and snails from reaching them. Reapply after rain.
* **Flea and Tick Control:** Dust your lawn and pet areas with DE to control fleas and ticks. Be sure to get the DE down to the soil level. Wear a mask during application and keep pets away from the treated area until the dust settles. You can also dust your dog with DE, but avoid getting it in their eyes, nose, and mouth.
* **Garden Pest Control:** Apply DE to plants affected by aphids, cabbage worms, Colorado potato beetles, cucumber beetles, and other garden pests. Reapply after rain.
* **Compost Bin Odor Control:** Sprinkle DE into your compost bin to absorb odors and control fruit flies.
* **Chicken Coop Pest Control:** Dust the floor and walls of your chicken coop with DE to control mites, lice, and other pests. This also helps to absorb moisture and reduce odors.
* **Vine Borer Control:** To protect squash, pumpkin, and other vine crops from squash vine borers, dust the stems with DE, particularly near the base of the plant. Begin applications in early summer before the borers become active.
* **Fruit Fly Control:** To control fruit flies around fruit trees, sprinkle DE on the ground beneath the trees and on any fallen fruit. This will help to kill the larvae before they can mature.
## Important Precautions and Safety Tips
While food-grade diatomaceous earth is generally considered safe, it’s important to take certain precautions when using it:
* **Avoid Inhalation:** The biggest risk associated with DE is inhalation of the fine dust. Always wear a dust mask or respirator during application to protect your lungs. If you experience any respiratory irritation, discontinue use and consult a doctor.
* **Eye Irritation:** DE can also cause eye irritation. Avoid getting DE in your eyes. If contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water.
* **Skin Irritation:** DE can dry out the skin. Wear gloves during application to protect your hands. If skin irritation occurs, wash with soap and water.
* **Use Food Grade Only:** Always use food-grade diatomaceous earth for pest control and other applications around your home and garden. Filter-grade DE is not safe for consumption or use in gardens.
* **Avoid Applying to Flowering Plants During Pollination:** To protect beneficial insects like bees, avoid applying DE to flowering plants during pollination. Apply in the early morning or late evening, when bees are less active.
* **Store Properly:** Store diatomaceous earth in a dry, airtight container to prevent it from absorbing moisture and becoming less effective.
* **Keep Out of Reach of Children and Pets:** Although food-grade DE is generally safe, it’s best to keep it out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion or inhalation.
* **Avoid Over-Application:** Apply DE sparingly. A thin layer is all that is needed to be effective. Over-application can create a dust cloud and make it difficult to breathe.
* **Consider the Impact on Beneficial Insects:** While DE is effective against many pests, it can also harm beneficial insects like bees and ladybugs if they come into contact with it. Use DE judiciously and avoid applying it to areas where beneficial insects are active.
* **Do Not Use in Swimming Pools:** Diatomaceous earth used in swimming pool filters is a specially processed form and is harmful if inhaled. Do not use food-grade DE in swimming pools or spas.
## Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are some frequently asked questions about using diatomaceous earth outdoors:
* **Is diatomaceous earth safe for my pets?**
* Food-grade diatomaceous earth is generally considered safe for pets when used as directed. However, avoid getting it in their eyes, nose, or mouth. You can dust your dog with DE to control fleas and ticks, but be careful to avoid these sensitive areas. Always supervise your pets when they are in treated areas.
* **How long does diatomaceous earth last?**
* Diatomaceous earth can remain effective for extended periods when kept dry. However, rain or irrigation will wash it away, requiring reapplication.
* **Can I mix diatomaceous earth with water?**
* Yes, you can mix diatomaceous earth with water to create a slurry for application as a spray. However, this is generally less effective than dry application, as the DE needs to be dry to damage the exoskeletons of insects. If you use a slurry, you will need to reapply more frequently.
* **Does diatomaceous earth kill earthworms?**
* Diatomaceous earth can harm earthworms if they come into direct contact with it. However, earthworms typically live below the surface of the soil, so they are less likely to be affected by DE applied to the surface. To minimize the risk to earthworms, avoid applying DE directly to the soil and use it sparingly.
* **Can I use diatomaceous earth indoors?**
* Yes, you can use food-grade diatomaceous earth indoors for pest control. It is effective against ants, cockroaches, fleas, and other household pests. Apply it to cracks and crevices, under appliances, and in other areas where pests are likely to hide. Always wear a dust mask during application.
* **Where can I buy diatomaceous earth?**
* Food-grade diatomaceous earth is available at most garden centers, hardware stores, and online retailers. Be sure to purchase food-grade DE specifically labeled for insect control.
## Conclusion
Diatomaceous earth is a powerful and versatile tool for natural pest control and other outdoor applications. By following the guidelines outlined in this comprehensive guide, you can effectively and safely use DE to protect your garden, home, and family from pests and other challenges. Remember to always use food-grade DE, wear protective gear during application, and reapply as needed to maintain control. With a little knowledge and effort, you can harness the power of diatomaceous earth to create a healthier and more enjoyable outdoor environment.
