How to Effectively Trap Pigeons: A Comprehensive Guide
Pigeons, while often seen as harmless birds, can quickly become a nuisance. Their droppings are not only unsightly but also corrosive, damaging buildings and potentially spreading diseases. Large pigeon populations can lead to significant property damage, increased cleaning costs, and even health concerns. For homeowners, business owners, and property managers facing pigeon infestations, trapping can be an effective and humane method of control. This comprehensive guide provides detailed instructions and tips on how to trap pigeons effectively, safely, and responsibly.
Why Trap Pigeons?
Before delving into the specifics of trapping, it’s crucial to understand why it’s a preferred method in certain situations. Trapping offers several advantages over other pigeon control techniques, such as poisoning or shooting:
* **Humane Control:** When done correctly, trapping allows for the live removal of pigeons, minimizing harm to the birds. Relocation, though sometimes problematic (as discussed later), is generally considered more humane than lethal methods.
* **Targeted Removal:** Trapping allows you to focus on removing pigeons from specific areas where they are causing problems, reducing the impact on non-target bird species.
* **Reduced Risk to Humans and Pets:** Unlike poisons or firearms, traps pose minimal risk to humans, pets, and other wildlife.
* **Long-Term Solution (with proper implementation):** While trapping alone might not eliminate a pigeon problem entirely, it can significantly reduce the population and, when combined with preventative measures, contribute to a long-term solution.
Understanding Pigeon Behavior
Successful pigeon trapping relies on understanding their behavior and habits. Pigeons are creatures of habit, often returning to the same roosting and feeding spots day after day. They are also attracted to areas with readily available food and water. Understanding these behaviors is crucial for choosing the right trap location, bait, and trapping strategy.
* **Roosting Habits:** Pigeons prefer flat surfaces, ledges, rooftops, and sheltered areas for roosting. They often congregate in large numbers in these areas.
* **Feeding Habits:** Pigeons are opportunistic feeders, consuming a wide variety of food sources, including seeds, grains, bread crumbs, and discarded food scraps. They often forage in urban areas, parks, and near food establishments.
* **Social Behavior:** Pigeons are social birds, often living in flocks. This behavior can be exploited when trapping, as other pigeons will be attracted to a trap already containing birds.
* **Water Source:** Pigeons need access to fresh water daily. During dry periods, they may be particularly attracted to areas with available water sources.
Choosing the Right Pigeon Trap
Selecting the appropriate trap is paramount for success and ensuring the pigeons’ welfare. Several types of pigeon traps are available, each with its advantages and disadvantages. The most common types include:
* **Cage Traps:** These are the most widely used and generally considered the most humane type of pigeon trap. They typically consist of a wire mesh cage with one or more entrance doors that allow pigeons to enter but not exit. Cage traps come in various sizes, from small single-bird traps to larger multi-catch traps.
* **Pros:** Humane, relatively easy to use, can catch multiple birds, durable.
* **Cons:** Can be bulky, may require baiting and pre-baiting, some pigeons may be wary of entering.
* **Bob Traps:** These traps feature a series of one-way doors (bobs) that swing inward, allowing pigeons to enter but preventing them from escaping. Bob traps are often used on rooftops or other elevated surfaces.
* **Pros:** Can catch a large number of birds, effective for rooftop trapping.
* **Cons:** More complex to set up, requires careful adjustment of the bobs, may be less effective if pigeons learn to avoid the bobs.
* **One-Way Door Traps:** Similar to bob traps, these traps have a one-way door mechanism that allows pigeons to enter but not exit. They are often used in conjunction with existing structures, such as windows or doorways.
* **Pros:** Can be integrated into existing structures, effective for trapping pigeons inside buildings.
* **Cons:** Requires modification of existing structures, may not be suitable for all situations.
**Factors to consider when choosing a trap:**
* **Size:** Choose a trap size appropriate for the number of pigeons you expect to catch. A larger trap will be more effective for capturing multiple birds.
* **Material:** Opt for a durable, weather-resistant trap made of galvanized steel or other rust-proof material.
* **Door Mechanism:** Ensure the trap’s door mechanism is reliable and easy to operate. One-way doors should swing freely and close securely.
* **Mesh Size:** The mesh size should be small enough to prevent pigeons from escaping but large enough to allow adequate ventilation.
* **Safety:** Choose a trap with rounded edges and no sharp points that could injure the birds.
Step-by-Step Guide to Trapping Pigeons
Follow these steps to effectively trap pigeons:
**1. Obtain Necessary Permits and Permissions:**
* Before setting any traps, check with your local and state wildlife agencies to determine if any permits or licenses are required. Some jurisdictions may have restrictions on trapping or relocating pigeons.
* If you are trapping pigeons on someone else’s property, obtain their permission first.
**2. Choose the Right Location:**
* **Identify Problem Areas:** Observe the pigeons’ behavior to identify their roosting, feeding, and watering areas. Focus on trapping in these areas.
* **High-Traffic Areas:** Place traps in areas where pigeons are frequently seen, such as rooftops, ledges, balconies, and near food sources.
* **Sheltered Locations:** Choose locations that offer some protection from the elements, such as under eaves or in sheltered corners.
* **Avoid Obstructions:** Ensure the trap is placed on a level surface and is free from obstructions that could interfere with its operation.
* **Consider Visibility:** While shelter is important, some visibility can help attract pigeons to the trap. A balance is key.
**3. Pre-Bait the Trap:**
* **Purpose of Pre-Baiting:** Pre-baiting involves placing food inside and around the trap for several days before setting it. This allows the pigeons to become accustomed to the trap and associate it with a food source.
* **Bait Selection:** Use a variety of baits that pigeons find attractive, such as:
* **Seeds:** Birdseed mix, sunflower seeds, cracked corn.
* **Grains:** Wheat, barley, oats.
* **Bread Crumbs:** White or whole wheat bread crumbs.
* **Peas/Corn:** Canned or frozen peas and corn.
* **Placement:** Scatter the bait inside the trap and around its entrance. Use a generous amount to attract the pigeons’ attention.
* **Consistency:** Replenish the bait daily to ensure a consistent food source.
* **Monitor:** Observe the pigeons’ behavior to see if they are entering the trap to feed. If they are hesitant, try a different bait or adjust the trap’s location.
**4. Set the Trap:**
* **Door Adjustment:** Ensure the trap’s doors are properly adjusted and functioning smoothly. One-way doors should swing freely and close securely.
* **Camouflage:** If desired, camouflage the trap by covering it with netting or branches. This can make it less conspicuous and more appealing to pigeons.
* **Water Source:** Provide a small source of fresh water inside the trap. This is especially important during hot weather.
* **Check Regularly:** Check the trap at least once a day, preferably twice a day (morning and evening), to remove captured pigeons and replenish the bait and water.
* **Hygiene:** Clean the trap regularly to remove droppings and spilled food. This will help prevent the spread of disease and keep the trap attractive to pigeons.
**5. Handling Captured Pigeons:**
* **Protective Gear:** Wear gloves and a dust mask when handling captured pigeons to protect yourself from diseases.
* **Humane Removal:** Remove the pigeons from the trap as quickly and gently as possible.
* **Relocation (Proceed with Caution):** Relocating pigeons is a controversial topic, and it is often **not** recommended. Pigeons have a strong homing instinct and will often return to their original territory, even from long distances. Relocating them can also spread diseases to new areas. **If you choose to relocate pigeons, be aware of the potential consequences.** Consider humane euthanasia as a more responsible alternative.
* **Euthanasia (If Necessary):** If relocation is not feasible or desirable, humane euthanasia may be the most responsible option. Consult with a veterinarian or animal control professional for guidance on proper euthanasia methods. Carbon dioxide asphyxiation is sometimes used, but specific protocols must be followed to ensure a humane death. **Never use inhumane methods of killing pigeons.**
* **Clean and Disinfect:** After handling the pigeons, thoroughly clean and disinfect the trap to prevent the spread of disease.
Preventative Measures to Avoid Future Infestations
Trapping is just one part of the solution. To prevent future pigeon infestations, it’s essential to implement preventative measures:
* **Eliminate Food Sources:**
* **Clean Up Spills:** Promptly clean up any spilled food or crumbs in and around your property.
* **Secure Trash Cans:** Use trash cans with tight-fitting lids to prevent pigeons from accessing discarded food.
* **Avoid Feeding:** Do not intentionally feed pigeons, as this encourages them to congregate in the area.
* **Feed Pets Indoors:** Feed pets indoors or remove their food bowls immediately after they have finished eating.
* **Remove Roosting Sites:**
* **Netting:** Install bird netting over roosting areas, such as rooftops, ledges, and balconies. Netting prevents pigeons from landing and roosting.
* **Spikes:** Install bird spikes on ledges and other surfaces to deter pigeons from landing.
* **Sloping Surfaces:** Modify flat surfaces to make them less attractive for roosting. This can be done by adding sloping panels or other physical barriers.
* **Wire Grids:** Install wire grids over open areas to prevent pigeons from entering.
* **Scare Tactics:**
* **Visual Deterrents:** Use visual deterrents, such as scarecrows, reflective tape, or predator decoys, to frighten pigeons away.
* **Auditory Deterrents:** Use auditory deterrents, such as ultrasonic devices or recorded bird distress calls, to repel pigeons.
* **Professional Assistance:**
* **Consult with a Pest Control Company:** If you are unable to control the pigeon problem yourself, consult with a professional pest control company. They can provide expert advice and implement effective control measures.
Important Considerations and Ethical Practices
* **Humane Treatment:** Always prioritize the humane treatment of pigeons. Minimize stress and injury during trapping and handling.
* **Regular Monitoring:** Check traps regularly to prevent captured pigeons from suffering from dehydration, starvation, or exposure to the elements.
* **Non-Target Species:** Take precautions to avoid trapping non-target bird species. Use bait that is less attractive to other birds, and check traps frequently to release any accidentally captured animals.
* **Local Regulations:** Be aware of and comply with all local regulations regarding pigeon trapping and relocation.
* **Public Health:** Pigeons can carry diseases that are transmissible to humans. Take appropriate precautions to protect yourself from exposure to these diseases. Wear gloves and a dust mask when handling pigeons or cleaning up droppings.
* **Consider Long-Term Solutions:** Trapping is most effective when combined with preventative measures to address the underlying causes of the pigeon problem.
Conclusion
Trapping pigeons can be an effective method for controlling pigeon populations and reducing property damage. By understanding pigeon behavior, choosing the right trap, following proper trapping procedures, and implementing preventative measures, you can successfully manage pigeon infestations in a humane and responsible manner. Remember to always prioritize the pigeons’ welfare, comply with local regulations, and consider the potential consequences of relocation before taking action. If you are unsure about any aspect of pigeon trapping, consult with a professional pest control company for assistance. By taking a comprehensive approach, you can create a pigeon-free environment and protect your property from the harmful effects of these birds.