Rats! Just the sight of them scurrying around your property is enough to send shivers down your spine. They are not just a nuisance; they are a health hazard, capable of spreading diseases and causing significant damage to your property. Dealing with an outdoor rat problem requires a strategic and comprehensive approach. This guide provides detailed steps and instructions to help you effectively eliminate rats outside your home, prevent future infestations, and reclaim your outdoor spaces.
**Understanding the Enemy: Rat Behavior and Identification**
Before launching your rat-eradication campaign, it’s crucial to understand the basics of rat behavior and how to identify signs of their presence. This knowledge will enable you to target your efforts effectively.
* **Types of Rats:** The two most common rat species encountered around homes are the Norway rat (also known as the brown rat or sewer rat) and the roof rat (also known as the black rat). Norway rats are larger, heavier, and prefer to burrow in the ground. They are often found near garbage and sewers. Roof rats are smaller, more agile climbers, and prefer to nest in elevated areas like trees, attics, and dense vegetation.
* **Signs of Rat Infestation:** Identifying an infestation early is key. Look for these signs:
* **Rat Droppings:** These are usually dark brown, rod-shaped, and about ½ to ¾ inches long (Norway rat) or smaller and more pointed (roof rat). Pay close attention to areas near potential food sources, along fences, and in sheltered spots.
* **Gnaw Marks:** Rats constantly gnaw to keep their incisors sharp. Look for gnaw marks on wood, plastic, and even metal.
* **Burrows:** Norway rats create burrows in the ground, often near foundations, under decks, or in compost piles.
* **Rub Marks:** Rats often travel along the same paths, leaving greasy rub marks along walls and fences.
* **Nests:** Roof rats build nests from shredded materials like paper, cloth, and insulation in attics, trees, and dense vegetation.
* **Tracks:** In dusty or muddy areas, you might see rat footprints and tail drag marks. You can also sprinkle flour or talcum powder in suspected areas to check for fresh tracks.
* **Unusual Pet Behavior:** Pets, especially dogs and cats, may become agitated or fixate on specific areas where rats are present.
* **Ammonia Smell:** A strong ammonia-like odor can indicate a large rat infestation.
* **Rat Behavior:** Rats are nocturnal creatures, meaning they are most active at night. They are also neophobic, meaning they are wary of new objects and changes in their environment. This can make trapping and baiting challenging. Rats are excellent climbers and can squeeze through surprisingly small openings (as small as a quarter inch). They are driven by the search for food, water, and shelter.
**Step 1: Eliminating Food and Water Sources**
Rats are attracted to areas where they can easily find food and water. Removing these resources is the first and most crucial step in getting rid of them.
* **Secure Garbage Cans:** Use garbage cans with tight-fitting lids. Consider using bungee cords or straps to further secure the lids. Regularly clean garbage cans to remove food residue.
* **Clean Up Pet Food:** Do not leave pet food outside overnight. If you feed pets outdoors, only put out enough food for them to eat in one sitting and remove any leftovers immediately. Store pet food in airtight containers.
* **Remove Bird Feeders:** Bird feeders are a major attractant for rats. If you have a rat problem, temporarily remove bird feeders or use feeders that are designed to prevent spillage. Clean up any spilled birdseed regularly.
* **Harvest Fruits and Vegetables:** Pick up fallen fruits and vegetables from your garden promptly. Compost piles should be properly maintained and located away from the house. Avoid adding meat or dairy products to your compost, as these attract rats.
* **Eliminate Standing Water:** Fix leaky faucets and pipes. Ensure proper drainage around your property to prevent water from pooling. Empty bird baths and other containers that collect water regularly.
* **Maintain Your Yard:** Keep your lawn mowed and trim bushes and shrubs. Overgrown vegetation provides shelter and hiding places for rats. Remove piles of wood, debris, and other clutter that could serve as nesting sites.
**Step 2: Sealing Entry Points**
Rats can enter your home through surprisingly small openings. Sealing these entry points is essential to prevent them from getting inside and to limit their nesting sites outside.
* **Inspect Your Foundation:** Carefully inspect your foundation for cracks and holes. Seal any openings with concrete, mortar, or steel wool.
* **Seal Around Pipes and Wires:** Seal around pipes and wires where they enter your house. Use caulk or expanding foam to fill gaps.
* **Repair Damaged Screens and Vents:** Repair or replace damaged window and door screens. Ensure that vents, such as those for the dryer or crawl space, are properly screened.
* **Check the Roof:** Inspect your roof for gaps around vents, chimneys, and eaves. Seal any openings with appropriate materials.
* **Pay Attention to Gaps Under Doors:** Install door sweeps under exterior doors to prevent rats from squeezing underneath.
* **Use Steel Wool:** Rats cannot chew through steel wool. Stuff steel wool into small holes and cracks before sealing them with caulk or other materials.
**Step 3: Trapping and Baiting**
Once you have eliminated food and water sources and sealed entry points, you can begin trapping and baiting rats. It is important to choose the right method and to use it safely and effectively.
* **Snap Traps:** Snap traps are a traditional and effective method for catching rats.
* **Placement:** Place traps in areas where you have seen rat activity, such as along walls, fences, and near burrows. Place traps perpendicular to the wall with the trigger side facing the wall. Rats tend to run along walls, so this maximizes their chance of encountering the trap.
* **Bait:** Use bait that rats find appealing, such as peanut butter, cheese, nuts, or seeds. Secure the bait firmly to the trigger.
* **Setting the Trap:** Follow the instructions on the trap carefully to set it properly.
* **Checking and Re-baiting:** Check traps daily and remove any dead rats promptly. Re-bait the traps as needed.
* **Pre-baiting:** For the first few days, set the traps without setting the trigger. This allows rats to get used to feeding from the traps without fear. After a few days, set the traps.
* **Live Traps:** Live traps capture rats without killing them. However, you will need to relocate the rats to a suitable location at least 5 miles away from your property. Check local regulations regarding the relocation of wild animals before using live traps.
* **Placement:** Place live traps in the same areas as snap traps.
* **Bait:** Use the same types of bait as you would for snap traps.
* **Checking and Releasing:** Check traps daily and release any captured rats in a humane manner. Wear gloves and protective clothing when handling live rats.
* **Bait Stations:** Bait stations contain rodenticides (rat poison) and are designed to protect non-target animals, such as pets and children, from accessing the bait.
* **Types of Rodenticides:** There are two main types of rodenticides: anticoagulants and non-anticoagulants. Anticoagulants cause internal bleeding and can take several days to kill rats. Non-anticoagulants work more quickly but can cause bait shyness if rats associate the bait with illness. *Always* check with local regulations regarding the use of rodenticides. Some areas restrict their use due to environmental concerns and potential harm to other animals.
* **Placement:** Place bait stations in areas where you have seen rat activity, such as along walls, fences, and near burrows. Secure the bait stations to the ground or a structure to prevent them from being moved.
* **Monitoring:** Check bait stations regularly and replenish the bait as needed.
* **Safety:** Rodenticides are poisonous and should be handled with extreme caution. Always wear gloves when handling bait and follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully. Keep bait stations out of reach of children, pets, and other non-target animals. Consider using tamper-resistant bait stations for added safety.
**Important Safety Considerations for Trapping and Baiting:**
* **Wear Gloves:** Always wear gloves when handling traps, bait, and dead rats to protect yourself from diseases.
* **Wash Your Hands:** Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling traps, bait, and dead rats.
* **Keep Away From Children and Pets:** Keep traps and bait out of reach of children and pets.
* **Dispose of Dead Rats Properly:** Dispose of dead rats in a sealed plastic bag in the garbage or bury them deep in the ground.
* **Read and Follow Instructions:** Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for traps and rodenticides.
**Step 4: Natural Repellents**
While not always as effective as trapping and baiting, natural repellents can help deter rats from your property.
* **Peppermint Oil:** Rats dislike the smell of peppermint. Soak cotton balls in peppermint oil and place them in areas where you have seen rat activity.
* **Cayenne Pepper:** Sprinkle cayenne pepper around your garden and in areas where rats are present.
* **Ammonia:** Place bowls of ammonia in areas where rats are active. The strong smell of ammonia will deter them. *Be careful* using ammonia around pets and children, as it can be harmful if ingested.
* **Predator Urine:** Predator urine, such as that of foxes or coyotes, can repel rats. You can purchase predator urine at some garden centers or online.
* **Sonic Repellents:** Electronic devices that emit high-frequency sounds are marketed as rat repellents. However, their effectiveness is debatable. Some studies have shown that rats can quickly adapt to these sounds.
**Step 5: Preventing Future Infestations**
Once you have successfully eliminated the rats from your property, it is important to take steps to prevent future infestations.
* **Maintain a Clean Yard:** Keep your yard clean and free of clutter. Mow your lawn regularly and trim bushes and shrubs.
* **Secure Food Sources:** Continue to secure garbage cans, clean up pet food, and harvest fruits and vegetables promptly.
* **Seal Entry Points:** Regularly inspect your foundation, roof, and other areas for potential entry points and seal them promptly.
* **Monitor for Rat Activity:** Be vigilant in monitoring for signs of rat activity. If you see any signs, take action immediately.
* **Consider Professional Pest Control:** If you are unable to control the rat population on your own, consider hiring a professional pest control company. They have the expertise and tools to effectively eliminate rats and prevent future infestations.
**Additional Tips and Considerations:**
* **Be Patient:** Getting rid of rats can take time and persistence. Do not get discouraged if you don’t see results immediately.
* **Work with Your Neighbors:** Rats can easily travel from one property to another. Working with your neighbors to control rat populations can be more effective than trying to do it alone.
* **Consult Local Experts:** Contact your local health department or agricultural extension office for information on rat control in your area.
* **Consider the Environment:** Choose rat control methods that are environmentally friendly and minimize the risk to non-target animals.
* **Document Your Efforts:** Keep a record of your trapping, baiting, and other control efforts. This can help you track your progress and identify areas where you need to focus your efforts.
**When to Call a Professional:**
While many homeowners can successfully manage rat infestations on their own, there are times when it is best to call a professional pest control company. Consider calling a professional if:
* You have a large or persistent infestation.
* You are unable to identify the source of the infestation.
* You are uncomfortable handling traps or rodenticides.
* You have concerns about the safety of children or pets.
* You are not seeing results after several weeks of trying to control the rats yourself.
**Conclusion:**
Getting rid of rats outside your home requires a multi-faceted approach that includes eliminating food and water sources, sealing entry points, trapping and baiting, using natural repellents, and preventing future infestations. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can effectively eliminate rats and reclaim your outdoor spaces. Remember to be patient, persistent, and to prioritize safety when using traps and rodenticides. With a comprehensive and proactive approach, you can successfully rid your property of these unwanted guests and enjoy a rat-free environment. Good luck!