Centipede Care: The Complete Guide to Keeping Your Multi-Legged Friend Happy

Centipedes, often misunderstood and sometimes feared, can be fascinating and relatively low-maintenance pets. While they may not be cuddly, their unique appearance and behavior make them an interesting addition to any invertebrate enthusiast’s collection. However, like any pet, proper care is essential for their health and well-being. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know to successfully keep a centipede, from setting up their enclosure to feeding and handling them safely.

## Are Centipedes Right for You?

Before diving into centipede care, it’s crucial to consider if they are the right pet for you. Here are a few things to keep in mind:

* **Venom:** All centipedes are venomous, although the venom potency varies significantly between species. While most pet centipedes have venom comparable to a bee sting, some larger species can inflict a more painful bite. It’s essential to research the specific species you intend to keep and understand the potential risks.
* **Handling:** Centipedes are not pets that you can typically handle regularly. Handling should be kept to a minimum and done with extreme caution. They are fast-moving and can easily escape or bite if they feel threatened.
* **Diet:** Centipedes are carnivores and require a diet of live insects. You’ll need to be comfortable feeding them crickets, mealworms, roaches, and other small invertebrates.
* **Escape Artists:** Centipedes are excellent escape artists. Their enclosure must be completely secure to prevent them from escaping into your home.
* **Lifespan:** Centipede lifespans can vary depending on the species, but most commonly kept species can live for several years with proper care.

If you are comfortable with these considerations, then a centipede might be a suitable pet for you.

## Choosing the Right Centipede Species

Several centipede species are commonly kept as pets, each with its own unique characteristics and care requirements. Here are a few popular choices:

* **Giant Desert Centipede (Scolopendra heros):** This is one of the largest centipede species in North America. Known for its impressive size and vibrant colors, it requires a larger enclosure and can deliver a potent bite. Requires specialized care and not recommended for beginners.
* **Tiger Centipede (Scolopendra viridis):** Another relatively large and venomous species, the Tiger Centipede is popular for its striking coloration. They also require a secure enclosure and careful handling.
* **Florida Blue Centipede (Hemiscolopendra marginata):** A smaller and less venomous species, the Florida Blue Centipede is a good choice for beginners. Their blue coloration is quite attractive.
* **House Centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata):** While commonly found in homes as a pest, some people keep house centipedes as pets. They are fast-moving and require a secure enclosure. They are beneficial as they hunt other household pests.

**Before acquiring any centipede, research the specific species you are interested in. Learn about their size, venom potency, care requirements, and temperament.**

## Setting Up the Centipede Enclosure

The enclosure is the most important aspect of centipede care. It should provide a secure, comfortable, and stimulating environment for your pet.

**1. Enclosure Size:**

The size of the enclosure will depend on the size of the centipede species you are keeping. A general rule of thumb is to provide an enclosure that is at least three times the length of the centipede and twice its width. For larger species like *Scolopendra heros*, a 10-20 gallon tank is recommended. For smaller species, a plastic container with a secure lid can suffice.

**2. Enclosure Type:**

* **Glass Terrariums:** Glass terrariums are aesthetically pleasing and provide good visibility. They are also easy to clean and maintain. However, they can be more expensive than other options and may require modification to prevent escapes.
* **Plastic Containers:** Plastic containers are a more affordable option. They are lightweight, durable, and easy to modify. However, they may not be as visually appealing as glass terrariums. Choose a container made of a non-toxic plastic that is safe for invertebrates.

**3. Substrate:**

The substrate is the material that lines the bottom of the enclosure. It should be able to retain moisture to maintain the humidity levels required by your centipede. Suitable substrates include:

* **Coconut Fiber (Coco Coir):** Coco coir is a popular choice because it is excellent at retaining moisture, is relatively inexpensive, and is readily available. It should be moistened before being placed in the enclosure.
* **Peat Moss:** Peat moss is another good option for retaining moisture. However, it can be acidic, so it’s important to choose a high-quality peat moss that is pH-neutral.
* **ABG Mix:** This is a popular substrate mix for tropical terrariums. It typically consists of tree fern fiber, peat moss, charcoal, and sphagnum moss. It provides excellent drainage and aeration while retaining moisture.
* **Cypress Mulch:** While some keepers use cypress mulch it’s recommended to use it mixed with other substrates such as coco coir. Pure cypress mulch can dry out quite rapidly and doesn’t hold burrow structures well.

The substrate should be at least 2-4 inches deep to allow the centipede to burrow.

**4. Hides:**

Centipedes are nocturnal and prefer to spend their days hiding. Providing hides is essential for their comfort and security. Suitable hides include:

* **Cork Bark:** Cork bark is a natural and attractive option. It provides a textured surface for the centipede to climb on and hide under.
* **Rocks:** Rocks can also be used as hides, but make sure they are stable and won’t collapse on the centipede. Ensure the rocks are smooth and don’t have sharp edges.
* **Driftwood:** Driftwood is another natural option that can add visual appeal to the enclosure.
* **Flower Pots (Half Buried):** Small clay or plastic flower pots, partially buried in the substrate, provide a secure and dark hiding spot.

Provide at least one hide per centipede. If you are keeping multiple centipedes, provide enough hides so that each centipede can have its own space.

**5. Humidity:**

Centipedes require high humidity levels, typically between 70% and 80%. You can maintain humidity by:

* **Misting:** Mist the enclosure with water once or twice a day. The frequency will depend on the ventilation of the enclosure and the ambient humidity levels.
* **Substrate Moisture:** Ensure the substrate is always moist but not waterlogged. You can check the moisture level by squeezing a handful of substrate. It should feel damp but not drip water.
* **Water Dish:** A small, shallow water dish can provide a source of drinking water and help to increase humidity. Make sure the dish is shallow enough that the centipede cannot drown in it.

**6. Temperature:**

Centipedes generally thrive at temperatures between 75°F and 85°F (24°C and 29°C). You can maintain the temperature by:

* **Room Temperature:** In many cases, room temperature will be sufficient. If your home is consistently within the ideal temperature range, no additional heating is needed.
* **Heat Mat:** If your home is cooler, you can use a heat mat placed on the side or under the enclosure. **Never place the heat mat directly under the entire enclosure**, as this can overheat the substrate and harm the centipede. Use a thermostat to regulate the temperature of the heat mat.
* **Ceramic Heat Emitter (CHE):** CHEs can also be used to provide supplemental heat. They emit heat without producing light, which is important for nocturnal animals. Use a thermostat to regulate the temperature of the CHE.

**7. Ventilation:**

While centipedes require high humidity, it’s also important to provide adequate ventilation to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria. You can provide ventilation by:

* **Screen Lid:** If using a glass terrarium, a screen lid will provide good ventilation.
* **Ventilation Holes:** If using a plastic container, you can drill small ventilation holes in the lid and sides of the container. Make sure the holes are small enough that the centipede cannot escape through them.

**8. Security:**

Centipedes are escape artists. Make sure the enclosure is completely secure to prevent them from escaping into your home. Here are a few tips for securing the enclosure:

* **Secure Lid:** Use a lid that fits tightly and is difficult for the centipede to lift or push open. Consider using clips or locks to secure the lid.
* **Seal Gaps:** Seal any gaps or cracks in the enclosure with silicone sealant or tape.
* **Fine Mesh:** Cover any ventilation holes with fine mesh to prevent the centipede from escaping.

## Feeding Your Centipede

Centipedes are carnivores and require a diet of live insects. The size of the insects will depend on the size of the centipede. A good rule of thumb is to feed insects that are about half the length of the centipede.

**1. Food Items:**

* **Crickets:** Crickets are a staple food for many pet centipedes. They are readily available at pet stores and are a good source of protein.
* **Mealworms:** Mealworms are another good source of protein. However, they are higher in fat than crickets, so they should be fed in moderation.
* **Roaches:** Dubia roaches are an excellent food source for centipedes. They are nutritious, easy to breed, and don’t smell as bad as other roach species.
* **Waxworms:** Waxworms are high in fat and should be fed as an occasional treat.
* **Other Insects:** Other insects that can be fed to centipedes include superworms, butterworms, silkworms, and small grasshoppers.

**2. Feeding Frequency:**

The feeding frequency will depend on the size and age of the centipede. Young centipedes should be fed more frequently than adults. A good starting point is to feed your centipede once or twice a week. Observe your centipede’s behavior and adjust the feeding frequency accordingly. If your centipede is eating all of its food quickly, you can feed it more often. If your centipede is refusing food, you can feed it less often.

**3. Feeding Method:**

* **Release Insects into the Enclosure:** The easiest way to feed your centipede is to simply release the insects into the enclosure. The centipede will hunt and capture the insects on its own.
* **Use Feeding Tongs:** If you prefer not to release insects into the enclosure, you can use feeding tongs to offer the insects directly to the centipede. This can help to prevent uneaten insects from hiding in the substrate.

**4. Gut Loading:**

Gut loading is the practice of feeding insects nutritious food before feeding them to your centipede. This helps to ensure that your centipede is getting the vitamins and minerals it needs. You can gut load insects by feeding them a variety of fruits, vegetables, and grains.

**5. Supplementation:**

While gut loading is beneficial, it’s also a good idea to supplement your centipede’s diet with calcium and vitamins. You can dust insects with a calcium and vitamin supplement before feeding them to your centipede.

**6. Removing Uneaten Food:**

Remove any uneaten food from the enclosure after 24 hours. This will help to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

## Handling Your Centipede

**Handling centipedes should be kept to a minimum due to their venom and quick movements.** They are best observed in their enclosure. If handling is absolutely necessary, take the following precautions:

* **Gloves:** Always wear gloves when handling a centipede. Thick leather gloves are recommended to protect your hands from bites.
* **Tongs or Forceps:** Use tongs or forceps to gently pick up the centipede. Avoid grabbing the centipede by its body, as this can injure it.
* **Slow and Deliberate Movements:** Move slowly and deliberately when handling a centipede. Avoid sudden movements, as this can startle the centipede and cause it to bite.
* **Supervision:** Always handle centipedes in a safe and controlled environment. Avoid handling them near children or pets.
* **Wash Hands:** Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling a centipede.

**If you are bitten by a centipede, clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water. Seek medical attention if you experience severe pain, swelling, or other symptoms.**

## Maintaining the Enclosure

Regular maintenance is essential for keeping your centipede’s enclosure clean and healthy.

**1. Spot Cleaning:**

Spot clean the enclosure daily to remove any feces, shed skin, or uneaten food. This will help to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

**2. Substrate Changes:**

The substrate should be changed every 2-3 months, or more often if it becomes heavily soiled. When changing the substrate, remove all of the old substrate and clean the enclosure thoroughly with soap and water. Allow the enclosure to dry completely before adding fresh substrate.

**3. Water Dish Cleaning:**

Clean the water dish regularly to prevent the growth of bacteria. Wash the dish with soap and water and rinse it thoroughly before refilling it.

**4. Disinfecting:**

Periodically disinfect the enclosure to kill any harmful bacteria or fungi. You can use a diluted bleach solution (1 part bleach to 10 parts water) to disinfect the enclosure. Rinse the enclosure thoroughly with water after disinfecting it and allow it to dry completely before adding fresh substrate and returning the centipede.

## Common Health Problems

Centipedes are generally hardy animals, but they can be susceptible to certain health problems.

* **Mites:** Mites are small parasites that can infest centipedes. They can cause itching, irritation, and skin damage. You can treat mite infestations by using a mite spray or by dipping the centipede in a diluted solution of warm water and dish soap.
* **Fungal Infections:** Fungal infections can occur in humid environments. They can cause skin lesions, discoloration, and lethargy. You can treat fungal infections by using an antifungal spray or by improving the ventilation of the enclosure.
* **Dehydration:** Dehydration can occur if the humidity levels in the enclosure are too low. Symptoms of dehydration include lethargy, wrinkled skin, and difficulty shedding. You can prevent dehydration by maintaining the humidity levels in the enclosure and providing a water dish.
* **Injury:** Centipedes can be injured if they fall from a height or are crushed. Handle centipedes with care and avoid placing heavy objects in the enclosure that could fall on them.
* **Shedding Problems (Dysecdysis):** Problems shedding can occur if humidity is too low, causing incomplete or difficult molts. Ensure proper humidity and consider assisting with stuck shed very carefully with a damp cotton swab if absolutely necessary. Usually, fixing the humidity will allow the centipede to resolve the shedding issue themselves.

**If you suspect that your centipede is sick, consult with a veterinarian who specializes in invertebrates.**

## Breeding Centipedes

Breeding centipedes can be challenging, as it requires specific conditions and a good understanding of the species’ reproductive behavior. Here’s a general overview:

* **Species-Specific Requirements:** Research the specific breeding requirements of the centipede species you want to breed. Different species may have different temperature, humidity, and substrate requirements for breeding.
* **Sexing:** Accurately identify the sex of your centipedes. This can be difficult, but some species have subtle differences in their appearance. Mature females often have broader bodies. Some species require microscopic examination of shed skins to accurately determine the sex.
* **Pairing:** Introduce a male and a female centipede to a breeding enclosure. Ensure there are enough hides and space to reduce aggression.
* **Courtship:** Observe the centipedes for courtship behavior. This may involve the male depositing a spermatophore (sperm packet) for the female to pick up.
* **Egg Laying:** The female will lay her eggs in the substrate or under a hide. Some species exhibit maternal care, protecting the eggs until they hatch.
* **Incubation:** Maintain the correct temperature and humidity for egg incubation. The incubation period varies depending on the species.
* **Raising the Young:** Once the eggs hatch, the young centipedes will need to be fed small insects. Provide them with a secure enclosure and maintain the proper environmental conditions.

**Breeding centipedes can be a rewarding experience, but it requires patience, dedication, and a thorough understanding of their biology.**

## Conclusion

Keeping centipedes as pets can be a fascinating and rewarding experience. By providing them with a secure enclosure, a proper diet, and regular maintenance, you can ensure their health and well-being. Remember to research the specific needs of your chosen species and always handle them with caution. With proper care, your multi-legged friend can thrive for many years to come. Always prioritize safety and be aware of the venom potency of the species you choose to keep. Enjoy the unique world of centipede keeping!