Complete Guide: Winterizing Your RV to Brave the Cold

Winterizing your RV is an essential task for any RV owner who lives in a climate that experiences freezing temperatures. Failing to properly winterize can lead to costly damage from frozen pipes, cracked fixtures, and even structural problems. This comprehensive guide will walk you through each step of the winterization process, ensuring your RV is protected throughout the cold season and ready for your next adventure.

Why Winterize Your RV?

Water expands when it freezes. In an RV, this expansion can exert tremendous pressure on your plumbing system, leading to burst pipes, cracked water pumps, damaged water heaters, and warped holding tanks. Repairing this kind of damage can be expensive and time-consuming. Winterizing prevents this damage by removing water from the system or replacing it with antifreeze that won’t freeze. By taking the time to winterize properly, you’ll save money and avoid headaches in the spring.

When to Winterize Your RV

The best time to winterize your RV is before the first hard freeze of the season. Generally, you should start thinking about winterizing when nighttime temperatures consistently dip below freezing (32°F or 0°C). It’s better to be proactive than reactive, as even a single overnight freeze can cause damage. Don’t wait until you see ice forming; plan ahead and winterize early.

Tools and Supplies You’ll Need

Before you begin, gather all the necessary tools and supplies. This will make the process smoother and more efficient.

* **RV Antifreeze:** Use RV antifreeze specifically designed for potable water systems. *Never* use automotive antifreeze, as it is toxic. The amount you’ll need depends on the size of your RV, but 2-3 gallons is usually sufficient.
* **Water Heater Bypass Kit (if applicable):** This kit allows you to bypass the water heater, saving you gallons of antifreeze. If your RV doesn’t have one installed, consider adding one. If you do not have a bypass you will need a substantial amount of antifreeze, enough to fill your water heater.
* **Water Pump Converter Kit (or tubing and clamps):** This kit allows you to easily pump antifreeze through your water lines. If you don’t have a kit, you can disconnect the inlet side of the water pump and attach a section of tubing to draw antifreeze from a jug.
* **Air Compressor with Blow-Out Adapter:** An air compressor helps remove water from the lines. Use a blow-out adapter to connect the compressor to the city water inlet.
* **Wrench:** For removing drain plugs and accessing water heater components.
* **Screwdriver:** For various tasks, such as removing access panels.
* **Teflon Tape:** For resealing drain plugs.
* **Basin or Bucket:** To catch water when draining lines.
* **Gloves:** To protect your hands.
* **Eye Protection:** To prevent splashes of water or antifreeze from getting in your eyes.
* **Tank Cleaning Wand (Optional):** For thoroughly cleaning your holding tanks.

Step-by-Step Winterization Guide

Here’s a detailed step-by-step guide to winterizing your RV:

1. Drain the Black and Gray Water Tanks

This is the first and arguably one of the most important steps. Thoroughly drain and flush both your black and gray water tanks. Residue left in these tanks can freeze and cause damage or unpleasant odors. Here’s how:

* **Empty the Tanks:** Park your RV at a dump station and empty both the black and gray water tanks. Follow the standard procedure for emptying holding tanks.
* **Flush the Black Tank:** Use a black tank flush system (if equipped) to thoroughly rinse the tank. Alternatively, use a tank cleaning wand inserted through the toilet. Flush until the water runs clear.
* **Rinse the Gray Tank:** While not as critical as the black tank, it’s still important to rinse the gray tank. Run fresh water into the sinks and shower and then drain the tank.
* **Close the Valves:** Once the tanks are empty and rinsed, close the drain valves.

2. Drain the Fresh Water Tank

Next, drain your fresh water tank. This tank supplies water to your faucets, shower, and toilet. Leaving water in this tank can lead to freezing and cracking.

* **Locate the Drain Valve:** Find the drain valve for your fresh water tank. It’s usually located underneath the RV, near the tank.
* **Open the Drain Valve:** Open the drain valve and allow the tank to drain completely. This may take some time, depending on the size of your tank.
* **Open Faucets (Optional):** Opening faucets inside the RV while draining the fresh water tank can help vent the tank and speed up the draining process.
* **Close the Drain Valve:** Once the tank is completely drained, close the drain valve.

3. Drain and Bypass the Water Heater

The water heater is another critical component to protect during winter. It holds a significant amount of water that can freeze and cause serious damage.

* **Turn Off and Cool Down:** Turn off the water heater and allow it to cool down completely before proceeding. Never drain a hot water heater.
* **Bypass the Water Heater:** If your RV is equipped with a water heater bypass kit, use it to bypass the water heater. This will prevent antifreeze from filling the tank, saving you several gallons. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for your specific bypass kit.
* **Remove the Drain Plug:** Locate the drain plug on the water heater (usually at the bottom). Use a wrench to remove the plug and allow the water to drain completely. Be prepared for a large volume of water to come out.
* **Open the Pressure Relief Valve:** Opening the pressure relief valve at the top of the water heater will help vent the tank and speed up the draining process. Be careful, as there may still be some residual pressure.
* **Flush the Tank (Optional):** Use a water heater tank flushing tool to remove sediment buildup from the bottom of the tank. This will help improve the efficiency and lifespan of your water heater.
* **Reinstall the Drain Plug:** Once the tank is completely drained, reinstall the drain plug with Teflon tape to ensure a tight seal. Do not overtighten.

4. Drain the Water Lines Using Air Pressure

Using compressed air to blow out the water lines is an effective way to remove most of the water from the system. This significantly reduces the amount of antifreeze needed.

* **Connect the Air Compressor:** Connect your air compressor to the city water inlet using a blow-out adapter. Set the compressor to a low pressure (around 30-40 PSI). *Do not exceed 40 PSI*, as higher pressure can damage the plumbing.
* **Open All Faucets and Fixtures:** Open all faucets (hot and cold), the showerhead, and the toilet valve. Start with the faucet closest to the water pump and work your way outwards.
* **Blow Out the Lines:** Turn on the air compressor and allow it to blow air through the lines. You’ll see water sputtering out of the open faucets and fixtures. Continue until only air is coming out.
* **Flush the Toilet:** Hold down the toilet flush valve to blow out any remaining water from the toilet line.
* **Close Faucets and Fixtures:** Once air is coming out of all faucets and fixtures, close them. Repeat the process several times, opening and closing each faucet and fixture to ensure all water is removed.
* **Don’t Forget Outside Shower:** If you have an outside shower, don’t forget to open it and blow out the lines as well.

5. Install the Water Pump Converter Kit (or Prepare Tubing)

To pump antifreeze through the water lines, you’ll need a water pump converter kit or a section of tubing.

* **Install the Converter Kit:** If you have a water pump converter kit, install it according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This usually involves disconnecting the water pump’s inlet hose and connecting the kit’s hose to the pump.
* **Prepare Tubing (if no kit):** If you don’t have a kit, disconnect the inlet side of the water pump. Attach a section of clear, non-toxic tubing to the inlet. Secure the tubing with a clamp.

6. Pump RV Antifreeze Through the Water Lines

Now it’s time to pump RV antifreeze through the water lines. This will protect the pipes and fixtures from freezing.

* **Insert Tubing into Antifreeze Jug:** Place the open end of the tubing (connected to the water pump) into a jug of RV antifreeze.
* **Turn on the Water Pump:** Turn on the water pump. The pump will draw antifreeze from the jug and circulate it through the water lines.
* **Open Faucets and Fixtures (Again):** Open each faucet (hot and cold) and fixture, one at a time. Allow the antifreeze to flow until you see a steady stream of pink antifreeze coming out. Close the faucet.
* **Flush the Toilet (Again):** Flush the toilet until you see pink antifreeze in the bowl.
* **Don’t Forget Outside Shower (Again):** If you have an outside shower, open it and allow antifreeze to flow through it.
* **Repeat for All Faucets and Fixtures:** Repeat this process for all faucets and fixtures in the RV, including the kitchen sink, bathroom sink, shower, and toilet.

7. Pour Antifreeze into P-Traps

P-traps are the U-shaped pipes under sinks and showers that hold water to prevent sewer gases from entering the RV. Pouring antifreeze into these traps will prevent them from freezing and cracking.

* **Pour Antifreeze:** Pour a cup or two of RV antifreeze into each sink drain and shower drain.

8. Protect the Toilet

Even after flushing with antifreeze, there may still be some water left in the toilet bowl and valve. This water can freeze and damage the toilet.

* **Pour Antifreeze into Bowl:** Pour a generous amount of RV antifreeze into the toilet bowl.
* **Wrap Toilet with Towels (Optional):** For extra protection, you can wrap the toilet with towels or blankets to insulate it from the cold.

9. Protect the Washing Machine and Dishwasher (if applicable)

If your RV has a washing machine or dishwasher, they require special attention during winterization.

* **Consult the Manual:** Refer to the owner’s manual for specific winterization instructions for your washing machine or dishwasher.
* **Washer:** Typically this involves running the machine through a short cycle with RV antifreeze. You might need to add a cup of antifreeze to the drum prior to the cycle.
* **Dishwasher:** For dishwashers, pour a cup of antifreeze into the bottom of the dishwasher and run it through a short rinse cycle.

10. Inspect and Lubricate Seals

Inspect all seals around windows, doors, and storage compartments. Cold weather can cause these seals to dry out and crack. Lubricate the seals with a silicone-based lubricant to keep them pliable and prevent leaks.

11. Remove Batteries

RV batteries can be damaged by freezing temperatures. Remove the batteries from the RV and store them in a cool, dry place. Ideally, store them indoors where the temperature remains above freezing. Before storing, fully charge the batteries. Periodically check the charge level during storage and top them off as needed.

12. Disconnect Propane Tanks

While propane tanks themselves are unlikely to freeze, it’s a good idea to disconnect them and store them in a secure, well-ventilated area. Turn off the propane supply at the tanks before disconnecting them.

13. Seal Openings

Seal any openings in the RV, such as vents and gaps around pipes, to prevent rodents and insects from entering. Use expanding foam or caulk to seal these openings.

14. Cover Tires

Prolonged exposure to sunlight and cold temperatures can damage RV tires. Cover the tires with tire covers to protect them from the elements. This will help prevent cracking and extend the lifespan of your tires.

15. Cover the RV (Optional)

If you live in an area with heavy snow or ice, consider covering your RV with an RV cover. This will protect the RV’s exterior from the elements and prevent damage. Make sure to choose a breathable cover that allows moisture to escape.

16. Interior Preparations

* **Remove Food:** Remove all perishable food items from the refrigerator and pantry. This will prevent spoilage and odors.
* **Clean Refrigerator:** Clean the refrigerator thoroughly and prop the door open to prevent mold and mildew growth.
* **Remove Linens:** Remove all linens, towels, and bedding from the RV. Wash them and store them in a dry place.
* **Open Interior Doors and Drawers:** Open all interior doors and drawers to allow air to circulate and prevent moisture buildup.
* **Place Desiccants:** Place moisture-absorbing desiccants inside the RV to help control humidity.
* **Raise Blinds/Curtains Slightly:** Raising blinds or curtains can help with air circulation.

Checklist for Winterizing Your RV

Use this checklist to ensure you don’t miss any steps:

* [ ] Drain black and gray water tanks.
* [ ] Drain fresh water tank.
* [ ] Drain and bypass water heater.
* [ ] Drain water lines using air pressure.
* [ ] Install water pump converter kit.
* [ ] Pump RV antifreeze through water lines.
* [ ] Pour antifreeze into P-traps.
* [ ] Protect the toilet.
* [ ] Protect washing machine and dishwasher (if applicable).
* [ ] Inspect and lubricate seals.
* [ ] Remove batteries.
* [ ] Disconnect propane tanks.
* [ ] Seal openings.
* [ ] Cover tires.
* [ ] Cover the RV (optional).
* [ ] Remove food.
* [ ] Clean refrigerator.
* [ ] Remove linens.
* [ ] Open interior doors and drawers.
* [ ] Place desiccants.

De-Winterizing in the Spring

When spring arrives, you’ll need to de-winterize your RV before you can use it again. Here’s a brief overview of the de-winterization process:

1. **Flush the Antifreeze:** Flush the entire water system with fresh water to remove the RV antifreeze. Connect your RV to a water source and run water through all faucets and fixtures until the water runs clear.
2. **Sanitize the Water System:** Sanitize the fresh water tank and water lines with a bleach solution. This will kill any bacteria that may have grown during the winter.
3. **Reinstall Batteries:** Reinstall the RV batteries and connect them properly.
4. **Reconnect Propane Tanks:** Reconnect the propane tanks and check for leaks.
5. **Inspect for Damage:** Inspect the RV for any signs of damage that may have occurred during the winter.
6. **Test Appliances:** Test all appliances to make sure they are working properly.

Conclusion

Winterizing your RV is a crucial step in protecting your investment and ensuring it’s ready for your next adventure. By following these detailed steps, you can rest assured that your RV will be safe and sound throughout the winter months. Taking the time to winterize properly will save you money and headaches in the long run, allowing you to enjoy your RV for years to come. Remember to consult your RV’s owner’s manual for specific instructions and recommendations. Happy travels!