Help! My Dog is Reverse Sneezing: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

Reverse sneezing in dogs, while alarming to witness, is usually a harmless and temporary condition. However, understanding what causes it, how to stop it when it happens, and when it warrants a vet visit is crucial for every dog owner.

What is Reverse Sneezing in Dogs?

Unlike a regular sneeze, where air is forcefully expelled through the nose, a reverse sneeze involves the forceful inhalation of air through the nose. This creates a characteristic snorting, honking, or gasping sound that can last from a few seconds to a minute or more. Many owners describe it as their dog trying to inhale a sneeze. The medical term for reverse sneezing is paroxysmal respiration.

Why Do Dogs Reverse Sneeze? Common Causes

Reverse sneezing is often triggered by minor irritations in the nasal passages or pharynx (back of the throat). Here are some common causes:

* **Allergens:** Just like humans, dogs can be allergic to pollen, dust mites, mold, and other environmental allergens. These allergens irritate the nasal passages, leading to reverse sneezing.
* **Irritants:** Smoke, perfumes, cleaning products, and other strong odors can irritate a dog’s nose and trigger a reverse sneeze.
* **Nasal Mites:** Microscopic mites can infest the nasal passages, causing irritation and reverse sneezing. This is more common in dogs that spend a lot of time outdoors.
* **Foreign Objects:** Grass seeds, small particles of food, or other foreign objects can become lodged in the nasal passages, leading to irritation and reverse sneezing.
* **Nasal Tumors or Polyps:** In rare cases, reverse sneezing can be a symptom of a nasal tumor or polyp. These growths can obstruct the nasal passages and cause irritation.
* **Post-Nasal Drip:** Drainage from the sinuses or back of the throat can irritate the soft palate and trigger a reverse sneeze.
* **Excitement or Overexertion:** Sometimes, excitement or overexertion can cause a dog to breathe rapidly and trigger a reverse sneeze.
* **Collar Pressure:** A tight collar can put pressure on the trachea (windpipe) and trigger a reverse sneeze, especially in breeds with shorter snouts.
* **Brachycephalic Breeds:** Dogs with short noses and flattened faces, such as Bulldogs, Pugs, and Boxers, are more prone to reverse sneezing due to their anatomy. Their elongated soft palate can sometimes get pulled into the throat, causing irritation.
* **Changes in Temperature:** Sudden changes in temperature, especially going from a warm environment to a cold one, can sometimes trigger reverse sneezing.

How to Stop a Reverse Sneeze: Step-by-Step Instructions

While reverse sneezing is usually self-limiting and resolves on its own, there are several things you can do to help your dog during an episode:

**1. Stay Calm:** It’s important to remain calm, as your anxiety can transfer to your dog, potentially prolonging the episode. Remember, it’s usually harmless.

**2. Gently Massage the Throat:** Gently massaging your dog’s throat can sometimes help to relax the muscles and stop the reverse sneeze. Use gentle, circular motions.

**3. Briefly Cover the Nostrils:** Briefly covering your dog’s nostrils with your hand (for just a second or two) can cause them to swallow, which can help to dislodge any irritants and stop the reverse sneeze. Do not completely block their airflow for an extended period. The goal is a very brief interruption.

**4. Gently Blow in Their Face:** Gently blowing air into your dog’s face can sometimes stimulate a swallowing reflex, which can help to stop the reverse sneeze. Don’t blow too hard; a gentle puff of air is all that’s needed.

**5. Open Their Mouth and Gently Depress the Tongue:** Carefully open your dog’s mouth and gently depress their tongue with your finger. This can help to reposition the soft palate and clear the airway. Be extremely cautious, especially if your dog is anxious or prone to biting.

**6. Offer a Drink of Water:** Encouraging your dog to drink water can help to soothe the irritated throat and dislodge any irritants. Use a small amount of water, especially if they are already struggling to breathe comfortably.

**7. Change the Environment:** If you suspect an environmental irritant is the cause, try moving your dog to a different room or outside for fresh air. Make sure the area is free from smoke, perfumes, or other strong odors.

**8. Reduce Excitement:** If the reverse sneezing is triggered by excitement, try to calm your dog down. Speak in a soothing voice and gently pet them.

**9. Check the Collar:** Make sure your dog’s collar is not too tight. You should be able to easily slide two fingers between the collar and their neck. If the collar is too tight, loosen it or switch to a harness.

**10. Observe and Record:** Pay attention to the circumstances surrounding the reverse sneezing episodes. Note when they occur, how long they last, and any potential triggers. This information can be helpful for your veterinarian.

**Important Considerations:**

* **Avoid Putting Fingers in Mouth If Unsafe:** If your dog is panicking, anxious, or has a history of biting, do not attempt to put your fingers in their mouth. Prioritize your safety and try other methods.
* **Gentle Approach:** Always use a gentle and patient approach when trying to stop a reverse sneeze. Avoid any sudden or forceful movements that could scare or injure your dog.
* **Don’t Force Anything:** If your dog is resistant to any of these methods, don’t force it. You could end up making the situation worse. Instead, try a different approach or simply wait for the episode to pass.

When to See a Veterinarian

While most cases of reverse sneezing are harmless, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian if:

* **Reverse sneezing is frequent or prolonged:** If your dog is reverse sneezing multiple times a day or if the episodes last for more than a minute or two, it’s important to seek veterinary attention.
* **Reverse sneezing is accompanied by other symptoms:** If your dog is also experiencing nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, or lethargy, it could indicate a more serious underlying condition.
* **You suspect a foreign object:** If you think your dog may have inhaled a foreign object, such as a grass seed, it’s important to see a veterinarian as soon as possible.
* **Your dog is a brachycephalic breed:** Brachycephalic breeds are more prone to respiratory problems, so it’s important to monitor them closely and seek veterinary attention if you notice any changes in their breathing.
* **The reverse sneezing started suddenly and is severe:** A sudden and severe onset of reverse sneezing could indicate a more serious problem, such as a nasal tumor or foreign body.
* **You are concerned:** If you are simply concerned about your dog’s reverse sneezing, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and consult with your veterinarian.

**What to Expect at the Vet:**

Your veterinarian will likely perform a physical examination and ask you about your dog’s medical history and symptoms. They may also recommend some diagnostic tests, such as:

* **Rhinoscopy:** This involves using a small camera to examine the nasal passages for any abnormalities.
* **Nasal Cytology:** This involves collecting a sample of cells from the nasal passages to look for signs of infection or inflammation.
* **Radiographs (X-rays):** X-rays can help to identify any foreign objects or tumors in the nasal passages.
* **Allergy Testing:** If allergies are suspected, your veterinarian may recommend allergy testing to identify the specific allergens that are affecting your dog.

Treatment Options

The treatment for reverse sneezing will depend on the underlying cause. Some common treatment options include:

* **Antihistamines:** Antihistamines can help to relieve allergy symptoms and reduce inflammation in the nasal passages.
* **Decongestants:** Decongestants can help to clear the nasal passages and make it easier for your dog to breathe.
* **Antibiotics:** If a bacterial infection is present, your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics.
* **Steroids:** Steroids can help to reduce inflammation and swelling in the nasal passages. They are usually reserved for more severe cases.
* **Surgery:** In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a foreign object or tumor from the nasal passages.
* **Allergen Avoidance:** If allergies are identified, the best treatment is to avoid the allergens as much as possible. This may involve changing your dog’s diet, using air purifiers, or limiting their exposure to certain environments.

Prevention Strategies

While you can’t always prevent reverse sneezing, there are some things you can do to reduce the likelihood of episodes:

* **Minimize Exposure to Allergens and Irritants:** Try to keep your dog away from known allergens and irritants, such as pollen, dust, smoke, and strong odors. Use air purifiers in your home and avoid using harsh cleaning products.
* **Use a Harness Instead of a Collar:** A harness puts less pressure on the trachea than a collar, which can help to prevent reverse sneezing, especially in breeds with shorter snouts.
* **Maintain a Healthy Weight:** Overweight dogs are more prone to respiratory problems, so it’s important to maintain a healthy weight for your dog.
* **Regular Veterinary Checkups:** Regular veterinary checkups can help to identify any underlying health problems that could be contributing to reverse sneezing.
* **Keep Your Dog Hydrated:** Adequate hydration helps to keep the nasal passages moist, reducing irritation.
* **Consider Air Quality:** Especially during high pollen seasons or in areas with poor air quality, consider limiting outdoor activities or using a pet-friendly air purifier.

Conclusion

Reverse sneezing in dogs can be a frightening experience for pet owners, but it’s usually a harmless condition. By understanding the causes, knowing how to stop an episode, and recognizing when to seek veterinary attention, you can help your dog live a happy and healthy life. Remember to stay calm, observe your dog carefully, and consult with your veterinarian if you have any concerns. Keeping a record of the frequency, duration, and potential triggers of reverse sneezing episodes can be invaluable information for your vet. With proper care and attention, you can manage reverse sneezing and ensure your furry friend’s well-being.