How to Convert MKV Files to Other Formats: A Comprehensive Guide
MKV (Matroska Video) is a popular container format known for its flexibility and ability to hold a variety of video, audio, and subtitle tracks within a single file. However, its versatility can also be a drawback. Not all devices and media players natively support MKV files, making it necessary to convert them to more compatible formats like MP4, AVI, or MOV. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about converting MKV files, including the reasons for conversion, the best software options, detailed step-by-step instructions, and troubleshooting tips.
## Why Convert MKV Files?
There are several reasons why you might want to convert an MKV file:
* **Compatibility:** As mentioned earlier, not all devices support MKV. Older TVs, smartphones, tablets, and even some media players may struggle to play MKV files smoothly, or not play them at all. Converting to a more widely supported format like MP4 ensures broader compatibility.
* **File Size:** MKV files, especially those with high-resolution video and multiple audio tracks, can be quite large. Converting to a different codec or adjusting settings during conversion can significantly reduce the file size, making it easier to store and share.
* **Editing:** Some video editing software programs have limited or no support for MKV files. Converting to a more common format like MP4 or MOV makes it easier to import and edit the video.
* **Platform Requirements:** Certain online platforms or services may require videos to be in specific formats. Converting your MKV files ensures they meet these requirements.
* **Hardware Acceleration:** Some devices and software are optimized for specific video codecs. Converting to a codec that your device or software can efficiently decode using hardware acceleration can improve playback performance and reduce battery consumption.
## Popular Video Formats to Convert MKV to
Before we dive into the conversion process, let’s look at some of the most popular video formats you might want to convert your MKV files to:
* **MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14):** The most widely supported video format, offering a good balance of quality and file size. It’s compatible with almost all devices and platforms.
* **AVI (Audio Video Interleave):** An older format that is still supported by many devices. While it may not offer the same level of compression as MP4, it can be useful for compatibility with older hardware.
* **MOV (QuickTime Movie):** Developed by Apple, MOV is commonly used for videos on macOS and iOS devices. It’s also supported by many other platforms.
* **WMV (Windows Media Video):** Developed by Microsoft, WMV is a proprietary format that is well-supported on Windows devices.
* **MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group):** MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 are older formats, but still relevant for specific applications, such as creating DVDs (MPEG-2).
The best format to choose depends on your specific needs and the device or platform you plan to use the video on.
## Best MKV Converter Software (Free & Paid)
There are numerous MKV converter software options available, ranging from free and open-source programs to paid professional tools. Here are some of the best:
### Free MKV Converters:
* **HandBrake:** A powerful, open-source video transcoder available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. It supports a wide range of input and output formats and offers advanced settings for customization. Handbrake is an excellent option for users who want a feature-rich, free converter.
**Pros:** Open-source, cross-platform, advanced settings, batch conversion, excellent output quality.
**Cons:** Can be overwhelming for beginners due to the number of options.
* **VLC Media Player:** While primarily known as a media player, VLC also has basic conversion capabilities. It’s a simple and convenient option for quick conversions, but it lacks the advanced features of dedicated converters.
**Pros:** Free, cross-platform, easy to use for basic conversions.
**Cons:** Limited features, slower conversion speeds, output quality may not be as good as dedicated converters.
* **FreeMake Video Converter:** A popular free converter for Windows that supports a wide range of formats and devices. It has a user-friendly interface and offers basic editing features.
**Pros:** Easy to use, supports many formats, includes basic editing features.
**Cons:** Can include bundled software, slower conversion speeds.
* **CloudConvert:** An online converter that allows you to convert files directly in your web browser. It supports a wide range of formats and offers some customization options. CloudConvert is ideal for occasional users or those who prefer not to install software. It provides a limited number of free conversions per day.
**Pros:** No software installation required, supports many formats, convenient for occasional use.
**Cons:** Requires an internet connection, limited free conversions, potential privacy concerns (uploading files to a third-party server).
### Paid MKV Converters:
* **Movavi Video Converter Premium:** A user-friendly and powerful converter for Windows and macOS. It offers fast conversion speeds, supports a wide range of formats, and includes advanced features like video editing and DVD burning.
**Pros:** Fast conversion speeds, user-friendly interface, supports many formats, includes advanced features.
**Cons:** Paid software, can be expensive.
* **Wondershare UniConverter:** Another popular paid converter for Windows and macOS. It offers similar features to Movavi Video Converter, including fast conversion speeds, format support, and editing tools.
**Pros:** Fast conversion speeds, supports many formats, includes advanced features, DVD burning capabilities.
**Cons:** Paid software, can be expensive.
* **EaseUS Video Converter:** A streamlined and efficient video converter that prioritizes speed and ease of use. Offers excellent conversion quality and supports a vast array of formats.
**Pros:** Fast, easy to use, excellent output quality, supports batch conversion, hardware acceleration.
**Cons:** Paid software, fewer advanced editing features compared to Movavi or Wondershare.
The best choice depends on your budget, needs, and technical expertise. For most users, HandBrake is an excellent free option. If you need more advanced features or faster conversion speeds, a paid converter may be a better choice.
## Step-by-Step Instructions for Converting MKV Files
Here are detailed instructions for converting MKV files using some of the most popular converter software:
### Method 1: Converting MKV with HandBrake
HandBrake is a powerful and free open-source video transcoder. Here’s how to use it to convert MKV files:
1. **Download and Install HandBrake:** Download the latest version of HandBrake from the official website ([https://handbrake.fr/](https://handbrake.fr/)) and install it on your computer.
2. **Open HandBrake:** Launch the HandBrake application.
3. **Select the Source File:** Click on the “File” button (or “Open Source” depending on the version) and select the MKV file you want to convert. HandBrake will analyze the file, which may take a few seconds.
4. **Choose a Preset:** HandBrake offers a variety of presets optimized for different devices and resolutions. You can choose a preset from the right-hand panel, such as “General > Fast 1080p30” for a quick conversion with good quality, or select a preset tailored to a specific device like “Apple 1080p60 Surround.”
5. **Customize Output Settings (Optional):** If you want more control over the output settings, you can customize them in the following tabs:
* **Summary:** Choose the output format (MP4, MKV, WebM).
* **Dimensions:** Adjust the resolution, cropping, and scaling.
* **Filters:** Apply filters like deinterlacing or denoise.
* **Video:** Select the video codec (H.264, H.265), frame rate, and quality settings (Constant Quality is recommended for most users). A lower RF (Rate Factor) value in Constant Quality corresponds to better visual quality, but results in larger file sizes. Experiment to find a good balance.
* **Audio:** Select the audio codec, bitrate, and channels. You can also add or remove audio tracks.
* **Subtitles:** Add or remove subtitle tracks.
* **Chapters:** Manage chapter markers.
6. **Choose an Output Destination:** Click on the “Browse” button at the bottom of the window and select the folder where you want to save the converted file. Give the file a name.
7. **Start the Conversion:** Click on the “Start Encode” button (or “Start” in older versions) to begin the conversion process. The progress will be displayed at the bottom of the window.
8. **Wait for the Conversion to Complete:** The conversion time will depend on the size of the file, the selected settings, and the speed of your computer. Once the conversion is complete, you can find the converted file in the output destination folder.
**Detailed Explanation of HandBrake Settings:**
* **Container Format:** The container format, located under the ‘Summary’ tab, determines how the video and audio streams are packaged. MP4 is generally the best choice for compatibility.
* **Video Codec:** Under the ‘Video’ tab, the video codec is crucial for quality and file size. H.264 (also known as AVC) is a widely compatible and efficient codec. H.265 (also known as HEVC) offers better compression at similar quality levels, but it’s not as universally supported as H.264. AV1 is a newer, royalty-free codec that provides excellent compression but requires more processing power and may not be compatible with older devices.
* **Frame Rate:** The frame rate (frames per second, or fps) determines the smoothness of motion in the video. Common frame rates include 24fps (cinematic look), 30fps (common for TV), and 60fps (smoother motion, often used for gaming). Maintaining the original frame rate is usually the best approach. Increasing the frame rate artificially will not improve the video and will only increase the file size.
* **Quality (Constant Quality vs. Average Bitrate):**
* **Constant Quality (RF):** This mode aims to maintain a consistent level of visual quality throughout the video. You specify a Rate Factor (RF) value, and HandBrake adjusts the bitrate accordingly. Lower RF values result in higher quality but larger file sizes. This is the recommended approach for most users because it prioritizes quality.
* **Average Bitrate:** This mode aims to achieve a specific average bitrate for the video. HandBrake will adjust the quality to meet this target. This is less predictable in terms of visual quality because complex scenes may require a higher bitrate than simpler scenes.
* **Audio Codec:** Under the ‘Audio’ tab, the audio codec determines how the audio is compressed. AAC is a widely compatible and efficient codec. MP3 is another common option, but AAC generally offers better quality at the same bitrate. AC3 is often used for surround sound.
* **Audio Bitrate:** The audio bitrate determines the quality of the audio. Higher bitrates result in better quality but larger file sizes. For stereo audio, 128kbps to 192kbps is a good range. For surround sound, 384kbps to 448kbps is recommended.
### Method 2: Converting MKV with VLC Media Player
VLC Media Player, known for playing almost any video format, can also perform basic video conversions. Here’s how:
1. **Open VLC Media Player:** Launch the VLC Media Player application.
2. **Go to the Convert/Save Dialog:** Click on “Media” in the menu bar and select “Convert / Save…” (or press Ctrl+R).
3. **Add the MKV File:** In the “File” tab, click on the “Add…” button and select the MKV file you want to convert.
4. **Click Convert/Save:** Click on the “Convert / Save” button at the bottom of the dialog.
5. **Choose a Profile:** In the “Profile” dropdown menu, select a profile that matches the desired output format (e.g., “Video – H.264 + MP3 (MP4)” for MP4). VLC offers a limited number of preset profiles.
6. **Customize Profile Settings (Optional):** If you need more control, click on the wrench icon next to the Profile dropdown. This allows you to adjust the video codec, audio codec, bitrate, and other settings. However, the customization options are limited compared to dedicated converters like HandBrake.
7. **Choose a Destination File:** Click on the “Browse” button and select the folder where you want to save the converted file. Give the file a name.
8. **Start the Conversion:** Click on the “Start” button to begin the conversion process. The progress will be displayed in the VLC window.
9. **Wait for the Conversion to Complete:** The conversion time will depend on the size of the file and the selected settings. Once the conversion is complete, you can find the converted file in the output destination folder.
**Limitations of VLC Conversion:**
* **Limited Presets:** VLC offers a limited selection of preset profiles, which may not be suitable for all situations.
* **Basic Customization:** The customization options are basic compared to dedicated converters. You have less control over the output quality and advanced settings.
* **Slower Conversion:** VLC’s conversion speeds are generally slower than those of dedicated converters.
### Method 3: Converting MKV with Movavi Video Converter Premium
Movavi Video Converter Premium offers a user-friendly interface and fast conversion speeds, making it a great option for users who want a simple yet powerful tool.
1. **Download and Install Movavi Video Converter Premium:** Download the latest version of Movavi Video Converter Premium from the official website ([https://www.movavi.com/](https://www.movavi.com/)) and install it on your computer. Note that you may need to purchase a license or use a trial version.
2. **Open Movavi Video Converter:** Launch the Movavi Video Converter application.
3. **Add the MKV File:** Click on the “Add Media” button and select “Add Video…” or simply drag and drop the MKV file into the program window.
4. **Choose an Output Format:** At the bottom of the window, you’ll see a list of available output formats. Select the desired format (e.g., MP4, AVI, MOV) and choose a preset based on your target device or resolution. Movavi provides presets optimized for various devices like smartphones, tablets, and TVs.
5. **Customize Output Settings (Optional):** You can customize the output settings by clicking on the gear icon next to the selected format. This allows you to adjust the video codec, resolution, bitrate, frame rate, and audio settings.
6. **Choose a Destination Folder:** Click on the “Save to” button and select the folder where you want to save the converted file.
7. **Start the Conversion:** Click on the “Convert” button to begin the conversion process. Movavi Video Converter utilizes hardware acceleration for fast conversion speeds.
8. **Wait for the Conversion to Complete:** The conversion time will depend on the size of the file and the selected settings. Once the conversion is complete, you can find the converted file in the output destination folder.
**Movavi Video Converter Premium Features:**
* **User-Friendly Interface:** Movavi has a clean and intuitive interface, making it easy for beginners to use.
* **Fast Conversion Speeds:** Movavi utilizes hardware acceleration to achieve fast conversion speeds.
* **Wide Format Support:** Movavi supports a wide range of input and output formats.
* **Device Presets:** Movavi provides presets optimized for various devices, simplifying the conversion process.
* **Basic Editing Tools:** Movavi includes basic editing tools like trimming, cropping, and adding effects.
## Troubleshooting Common MKV Conversion Issues
Even with the right software, you might encounter issues during the MKV conversion process. Here are some common problems and their solutions:
* **Conversion Fails or Freezes:**
* **Insufficient System Resources:** Close other applications to free up memory and CPU resources.
* **Corrupted MKV File:** Try playing the MKV file in VLC Media Player. If it doesn’t play properly, the file may be corrupted. Try downloading the file again from the source or using a different source.
* **Outdated Codecs:** Update your video codecs. You can download codec packs like K-Lite Codec Pack (use caution when installing to avoid bundled software).
* **Software Bugs:** Try updating the converter software to the latest version or switching to a different converter.
* **No Audio in Converted File:**
* **Audio Codec Not Supported:** Ensure that the audio codec used in the MKV file is supported by the converter software and the output format. Try converting the audio to AAC or MP3.
* **Audio Track Not Selected:** Make sure that the audio track is selected in the converter settings. Some converters allow you to choose which audio tracks to include in the output file.
* **Audio Volume Too Low:** Check the audio volume settings in the converter software and ensure that it’s not muted or set too low.
* **Video Quality Issues:**
* **Low Bitrate:** Increase the bitrate in the converter settings. Higher bitrates generally result in better quality but larger file sizes.
* **Incorrect Resolution:** Ensure that the output resolution is appropriate for the video content and your target device. Upscaling a low-resolution video will not improve the quality.
* **Incorrect Deinterlacing:** If the video contains interlaced content (e.g., from a DVD), make sure that deinterlacing is enabled in the converter settings.
* **Codec Incompatibilities:** Try a different video codec. H.264 is generally a safe choice for compatibility and quality.
* **Slow Conversion Speeds:**
* **Hardware Acceleration Disabled:** Enable hardware acceleration in the converter settings if your computer supports it. This can significantly speed up the conversion process.
* **High Resolution or Bitrate:** Reducing the resolution or bitrate can speed up the conversion process, but it will also affect the quality.
* **Background Processes:** Close other applications to free up CPU resources.
* **Older Hardware:** Conversion speeds are heavily dependent on your computer’s processor and graphics card. Upgrading your hardware can improve conversion speeds.
* **Subtitles Not Showing Up:**
* **Subtitles Not Embedded:** Ensure the subtitles are embedded in the MKV file or included as a separate file (e.g., .srt). If they are external, make sure the converter supports adding external subtitles.
* **Subtitles Not Selected:** Make sure the subtitle track is selected in the converter settings.
* **Subtitle Encoding Issues:** If the subtitles appear garbled, try changing the subtitle encoding to UTF-8.
## Additional Tips for MKV Conversion
* **Batch Conversion:** If you need to convert multiple MKV files, use a converter that supports batch conversion. This can save you a lot of time.
* **Preview the Output:** Before converting the entire file, convert a small section to preview the output and ensure that the settings are correct.
* **Experiment with Settings:** Don’t be afraid to experiment with different settings to find the best balance of quality and file size for your needs.
* **Keep Original Files:** Always keep a copy of the original MKV files in case you need to convert them again with different settings.
* **Check for Updates:** Regularly check for updates to your converter software to ensure that you have the latest features and bug fixes.
## Conclusion
Converting MKV files is a necessary process for ensuring compatibility across various devices and platforms. By understanding the reasons for conversion, choosing the right software, following the step-by-step instructions, and troubleshooting common issues, you can easily convert your MKV files to other formats and enjoy your videos on any device. Whether you choose a free option like HandBrake or a paid converter like Movavi Video Converter Premium, the key is to experiment with the settings and find what works best for your specific needs and preferences. Remember to always keep a copy of the original file, and regularly check for software updates to ensure the best possible conversion experience. Good luck, and happy converting!