How to Cover Exterior Cinder Block Walls: A Complete Guide

Cinder block walls, while structurally sound and cost-effective, often lack aesthetic appeal. If you’re looking to improve the look of your home or building, covering exterior cinder block walls is an excellent solution. This comprehensive guide will walk you through various methods, from simple paint applications to more elaborate siding installations, providing detailed steps and considerations for each approach. We’ll cover preparation, materials, installation, and maintenance to ensure a long-lasting and visually pleasing result.

Why Cover Exterior Cinder Block Walls?

Before diving into the how-to, let’s discuss the reasons why you might want to cover your cinder block walls:

* **Aesthetics:** Cinder blocks are generally considered unattractive. Covering them instantly enhances the curb appeal of your property.
* **Insulation:** Cinder block walls offer minimal insulation. Adding a covering with insulation properties can improve energy efficiency, reducing heating and cooling costs.
* **Moisture Protection:** Cinder blocks are porous and can absorb moisture, leading to mold growth and structural damage. A properly installed covering can act as a moisture barrier.
* **Protection from the Elements:** Exposure to harsh weather conditions can degrade cinder block walls over time. A covering provides protection from rain, snow, wind, and UV rays.
* **Increased Property Value:** A well-maintained and aesthetically pleasing exterior can significantly increase the value of your property.

Methods for Covering Exterior Cinder Block Walls

Several methods can be used to cover exterior cinder block walls, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here’s an overview of some popular options:

* **Painting:** A simple and cost-effective solution, painting cinder block walls can significantly improve their appearance. However, it requires proper preparation and specialized paint to withstand the elements.
* **Stucco:** Stucco is a durable and attractive option that provides a textured finish. It’s a more involved process than painting but offers excellent weather resistance.
* **Cultured Stone Veneer:** Cultured stone veneer provides the look of natural stone at a fraction of the cost and weight. It’s a visually appealing option that adds significant value to your property.
* **Brick Veneer:** Similar to cultured stone, brick veneer offers the classic look of brick without the need for structural modifications.
* **Siding (Vinyl, Wood, Fiber Cement):** Siding is a versatile option that comes in various materials, colors, and styles. It provides excellent weather protection and insulation.
* **Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS):** EIFS is a multi-layered system that combines insulation, waterproofing, and a decorative finish. It’s a highly effective solution for improving energy efficiency and aesthetics.

Preparation: The Key to Success

Regardless of the method you choose, proper preparation is crucial for a successful and long-lasting result. Here’s a step-by-step guide to preparing your cinder block walls:

**1. Inspection and Assessment:**

* **Check for Damage:** Carefully inspect the cinder block walls for cracks, crumbling, or other damage. Repair any damaged areas before proceeding.
* **Identify Moisture Issues:** Look for signs of moisture intrusion, such as water stains, mold growth, or efflorescence (a white, powdery substance on the surface). Address any moisture problems before covering the walls.
* **Evaluate the Surface:** Determine the texture and condition of the cinder block surface. This will help you choose the appropriate materials and techniques.

**2. Cleaning the Walls:**

* **Remove Debris:** Use a stiff brush or broom to remove loose dirt, dust, and debris from the walls.
* **Wash the Walls:** Wash the walls with a mixture of water and a mild detergent. Use a scrub brush to remove stubborn stains or mildew.
* **Rinse Thoroughly:** Rinse the walls thoroughly with clean water to remove all traces of detergent.
* **Pressure Washing (Optional):** For heavily soiled walls, consider using a pressure washer. Be careful not to damage the cinder blocks with excessive pressure. Use a wide nozzle and keep the pressure relatively low.
* **Allow to Dry:** Allow the walls to dry completely before proceeding to the next step. This may take several days, depending on the weather conditions.

**3. Repairing Damage:**

* **Fill Cracks:** Use a concrete patching compound to fill any cracks in the cinder block walls. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing and application.
* **Repair Crumbling Blocks:** If any cinder blocks are crumbling, you may need to replace them. Use a chisel and hammer to remove the damaged block. Apply mortar to the surrounding blocks and insert a new block.
* **Smooth the Surface:** Use a trowel to smooth the patching compound and ensure it is flush with the surrounding surface.
* **Allow to Cure:** Allow the patching compound or mortar to cure completely before proceeding. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for curing time.

**4. Applying a Concrete Sealer or Primer:**

* **Choose the Right Product:** Select a concrete sealer or primer that is specifically designed for exterior use. Look for a product that is compatible with the covering material you plan to use.
* **Apply Evenly:** Apply the sealer or primer evenly to the entire surface of the cinder block walls. Use a brush, roller, or sprayer, depending on the product and your preference.
* **Follow Manufacturer’s Instructions:** Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application and drying time.

Method 1: Painting Cinder Block Walls

Painting is the most straightforward and affordable way to improve the appearance of cinder block walls. However, it’s essential to use the right type of paint and follow proper application techniques to ensure a long-lasting finish.

**Materials You’ll Need:**

* Concrete sealer or primer
* Exterior-grade masonry paint (acrylic latex paint is recommended)
* Paintbrushes (various sizes)
* Paint rollers (with extension pole)
* Paint trays
* Painter’s tape
* Drop cloths
* Safety glasses
* Gloves

**Step-by-Step Instructions:**

1. **Prepare the Walls:** Follow the preparation steps outlined above, including cleaning, repairing, and applying a concrete sealer or primer.
2. **Protect Surrounding Areas:** Use painter’s tape to protect trim, windows, and other surfaces that you don’t want to paint. Cover the ground with drop cloths to protect it from paint spills.
3. **Apply the First Coat:** Pour the paint into a paint tray. Use a brush to paint the edges and corners of the walls. Use a roller to apply paint to the larger areas. Apply a thin, even coat of paint.
4. **Allow to Dry:** Allow the first coat of paint to dry completely. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for drying time.
5. **Apply the Second Coat:** Apply a second coat of paint, using the same techniques as the first coat. This will ensure complete coverage and a more durable finish.
6. **Allow to Dry:** Allow the second coat of paint to dry completely.
7. **Remove Painter’s Tape:** Carefully remove the painter’s tape.
8. **Clean Up:** Clean your brushes and rollers with soap and water. Dispose of paint cans and drop cloths properly.

**Tips for Painting Cinder Block Walls:**

* **Choose the Right Paint:** Use an exterior-grade masonry paint that is specifically designed for cinder block walls. Acrylic latex paint is a good choice because it is durable, water-resistant, and breathable.
* **Apply a Primer:** Applying a concrete sealer or primer before painting is essential. This will help the paint adhere to the surface and prevent it from being absorbed into the porous cinder blocks.
* **Apply Thin Coats:** Apply thin, even coats of paint. Thick coats of paint can crack and peel over time.
* **Work in Sections:** Work in small sections to ensure that the paint is applied evenly and that you don’t miss any spots.
* **Paint in the Shade:** Avoid painting in direct sunlight, as this can cause the paint to dry too quickly and create streaks.

Method 2: Applying Stucco to Cinder Block Walls

Stucco is a durable and attractive option for covering exterior cinder block walls. It provides a textured finish that can be customized to match your desired aesthetic. The application process is more involved than painting, but the results are well worth the effort.

**Materials You’ll Need:**

* Metal lath
* Stucco mix (scratch coat, brown coat, and finish coat)
* Cement mixer or mixing tub
* Trowel
* Hawk
* Float
* Level
* Hammer or nail gun
* Safety glasses
* Gloves

**Step-by-Step Instructions:**

1. **Prepare the Walls:** Follow the preparation steps outlined above, including cleaning, repairing, and applying a concrete sealer or primer.
2. **Install Metal Lath:** Attach metal lath to the cinder block walls using nails or screws. The metal lath provides a surface for the stucco to adhere to. Overlap the edges of the lath by at least 2 inches.
3. **Mix the Scratch Coat:** Mix the scratch coat stucco mix according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The scratch coat is the first layer of stucco and provides a base for the subsequent layers.
4. **Apply the Scratch Coat:** Apply the scratch coat to the metal lath using a trowel. Apply a thin, even coat of stucco, pressing it firmly into the lath. Scratch the surface of the stucco horizontally with a notched trowel to create a rough texture.
5. **Allow to Cure:** Allow the scratch coat to cure for at least 24 hours. Keep the stucco moist by spraying it with water periodically.
6. **Mix the Brown Coat:** Mix the brown coat stucco mix according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The brown coat is the second layer of stucco and provides a smooth, level surface for the finish coat.
7. **Apply the Brown Coat:** Apply the brown coat to the scratch coat using a trowel. Apply a thin, even coat of stucco, filling in any imperfections in the scratch coat. Use a float to smooth the surface of the brown coat.
8. **Allow to Cure:** Allow the brown coat to cure for at least 7 days. Keep the stucco moist by spraying it with water periodically.
9. **Mix the Finish Coat:** Mix the finish coat stucco mix according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The finish coat is the final layer of stucco and provides the desired texture and color.
10. **Apply the Finish Coat:** Apply the finish coat to the brown coat using a trowel. Apply a thin, even coat of stucco, creating the desired texture. Various textures can be achieved using different tools and techniques.
11. **Allow to Cure:** Allow the finish coat to cure for at least 7 days. Keep the stucco moist by spraying it with water periodically.

**Tips for Applying Stucco:**

* **Choose the Right Stucco Mix:** Use a stucco mix that is specifically designed for exterior use. Choose a mix that is appropriate for your climate and the desired texture.
* **Mix the Stucco Properly:** Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing the stucco. Use a cement mixer or mixing tub to ensure that the stucco is thoroughly mixed.
* **Apply Thin Coats:** Apply thin, even coats of stucco. Thick coats of stucco can crack and peel over time.
* **Keep the Stucco Moist:** Keep the stucco moist during the curing process by spraying it with water periodically. This will help prevent cracking.
* **Work in Sections:** Work in small sections to ensure that the stucco is applied evenly and that you don’t miss any spots.

Method 3: Installing Cultured Stone Veneer

Cultured stone veneer is a popular choice for covering exterior cinder block walls because it provides the look of natural stone at a fraction of the cost and weight. It’s a visually appealing option that adds significant value to your property.

**Materials You’ll Need:**

* Cultured stone veneer
* Mortar mix
* Cement mixer or mixing tub
* Trowel
* Hawk
* Level
* Chisel
* Hammer
* Safety glasses
* Gloves

**Step-by-Step Instructions:**

1. **Prepare the Walls:** Follow the preparation steps outlined above, including cleaning, repairing, and applying a concrete sealer or primer. In some cases, metal lath may be recommended by the veneer manufacturer for optimal adhesion.
2. **Mix the Mortar:** Mix the mortar mix according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The mortar is used to adhere the stone veneer to the walls.
3. **Apply Mortar to the Stone:** Apply a thick layer of mortar to the back of each stone veneer. Use a trowel to spread the mortar evenly.
4. **Attach the Stone to the Wall:** Press the stone veneer firmly against the cinder block wall. Ensure that the stone is level and plumb. Use a level to check the alignment of the stones.
5. **Repeat the Process:** Repeat steps 3 and 4, working your way across the wall. Stagger the joints between the stones for a more natural look.
6. **Cut the Stones (if necessary):** Use a chisel and hammer to cut the stones to fit around corners and other obstacles.
7. **Point the Joints:** Once the mortar has partially set, use a pointing tool to fill in the joints between the stones. Smooth the joints to create a professional finish.
8. **Clean Up:** Clean any excess mortar from the surface of the stones with a damp sponge.
9. **Allow to Cure:** Allow the mortar to cure completely before exposing the stone veneer to the elements. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for curing time.

**Tips for Installing Cultured Stone Veneer:**

* **Choose the Right Stone:** Select a cultured stone veneer that is appropriate for your climate and the desired aesthetic. Consider the color, texture, and size of the stones.
* **Mix the Mortar Properly:** Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing the mortar. Use a cement mixer or mixing tub to ensure that the mortar is thoroughly mixed.
* **Apply Enough Mortar:** Apply a thick enough layer of mortar to the back of each stone to ensure a strong bond.
* **Stagger the Joints:** Stagger the joints between the stones for a more natural look.
* **Use a Level:** Use a level to ensure that the stones are level and plumb.

Method 4: Installing Siding (Vinyl, Wood, Fiber Cement)

Installing siding is a more complex but highly effective way to cover exterior cinder block walls. Siding provides excellent weather protection, insulation, and a wide range of aesthetic options. Here’s a general overview, but always consult specific installation instructions for your chosen siding type.

**Materials You’ll Need:**

* Siding material (vinyl, wood, fiber cement)
* Furring strips (typically 1×3 or 1×4 lumber)
* Fasteners (nails or screws appropriate for the siding and furring strips)
* Insulation (optional, rigid foam board is recommended)
* Moisture barrier (house wrap)
* J-channel (for edges and openings)
* Starter strip
* Siding cutter or saw
* Hammer or nail gun
* Level
* Measuring tape
* Safety glasses
* Gloves

**Step-by-Step Instructions (General Overview):**

1. **Prepare the Walls:** Follow the preparation steps outlined above. Ensure the walls are clean and any major damage is repaired.
2. **Install a Moisture Barrier:** Apply a moisture barrier (house wrap) to the cinder block walls, overlapping the edges by several inches. This will protect the walls from moisture intrusion.
3. **Install Furring Strips:** Attach furring strips vertically to the cinder block walls, typically spaced 16 or 24 inches apart. Use concrete screws or adhesive to secure the furring strips. The furring strips create an air gap behind the siding, which helps to prevent moisture buildup and improves insulation.
4. **Install Insulation (Optional):** If desired, install rigid foam board insulation between the furring strips. This will improve the energy efficiency of your home. Ensure the insulation is properly fitted and sealed.
5. **Install J-Channel:** Install J-channel around windows, doors, and the top and bottom edges of the walls. The J-channel provides a channel for the siding to slide into and creates a finished look.
6. **Install Starter Strip:** Install a starter strip along the bottom of the wall. This will provide a base for the first row of siding.
7. **Install the Siding:** Starting at the bottom of the wall, install the siding according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Overlap the siding as required and fasten it to the furring strips with nails or screws. Ensure that the siding is level and plumb.
8. **Cut the Siding (as needed):** Cut the siding to fit around corners, windows, and doors. Use a siding cutter or saw to make clean, precise cuts.
9. **Repeat the Process:** Repeat steps 7 and 8, working your way up the wall. Continue installing the siding until the entire wall is covered.
10. **Install Corner Pieces:** Install corner pieces to finish the corners of the walls. These pieces will create a clean, professional look.

**Tips for Installing Siding:**

* **Choose the Right Siding:** Select a siding material that is appropriate for your climate and the desired aesthetic. Consider the cost, durability, and maintenance requirements of each type of siding.
* **Follow the Manufacturer’s Instructions:** Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for installation. This is essential for ensuring a proper and long-lasting installation.
* **Use a Level:** Use a level to ensure that the siding is level and plumb.
* **Overlap the Siding Properly:** Overlap the siding as required to prevent moisture intrusion.
* **Leave Room for Expansion and Contraction:** Leave a small gap between the siding and any obstructions to allow for expansion and contraction due to temperature changes.
* **Consider Hiring a Professional:** Installing siding can be a challenging task. If you are not comfortable with DIY projects, consider hiring a professional siding installer.

Method 5: Exterior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS)

EIFS is a multi-layered system that provides excellent insulation, waterproofing, and a decorative finish. It’s a more advanced option, typically installed by professionals, but offers significant benefits in terms of energy efficiency and aesthetics.

**EIFS System Components (Typical):**

* **Insulation Board:** Typically expanded polystyrene (EPS) or mineral wool, providing thermal insulation.
* **Reinforcing Mesh:** Embedded in the base coat to provide strength and crack resistance.
* **Base Coat:** A polymer-modified cement-based coating that covers the insulation board and reinforcing mesh.
* **Finish Coat:** A decorative coating that provides the desired texture and color.

**Installation Process (General Overview – Professional Installation Recommended):**

1. **Wall Preparation:** The cinder block walls must be clean, dry, and structurally sound. Any repairs or leveling should be done before EIFS installation.
2. **Adhesive Application:** The insulation board is typically adhered to the wall using a special adhesive. Some systems also use mechanical fasteners.
3. **Insulation Board Installation:** The insulation boards are installed tightly together, creating a continuous layer of insulation.
4. **Rasping:** After the adhesive has cured, the insulation board surface is rasped to create a smooth and even surface.
5. **Base Coat Application:** The base coat is applied over the insulation board, embedding the reinforcing mesh in the process. This creates a strong and durable surface.
6. **Finish Coat Application:** The finish coat is applied over the base coat, providing the desired texture and color. Various textures can be achieved using different application techniques.

**Why Choose EIFS?**

* **Superior Insulation:** EIFS provides excellent thermal insulation, reducing heating and cooling costs.
* **Moisture Resistance:** EIFS is a highly effective moisture barrier, protecting the walls from water damage.
* **Design Flexibility:** EIFS can be finished in a wide variety of textures and colors, allowing for a high degree of design flexibility.
* **Durability:** EIFS is a durable and long-lasting system that can withstand harsh weather conditions.

**Important Considerations for EIFS:**

* **Professional Installation:** EIFS installation requires specialized knowledge and skills. It’s essential to hire a qualified EIFS contractor.
* **Proper Detailing:** Proper detailing is crucial for preventing moisture intrusion. This includes proper flashing around windows and doors.
* **Maintenance:** EIFS requires regular maintenance to prevent damage and ensure its long-term performance.

Maintenance and Care

Once you’ve covered your exterior cinder block walls, it’s essential to maintain them properly to ensure a long-lasting and attractive finish. Here are some general maintenance tips:

* **Regular Cleaning:** Wash the walls regularly with a mild detergent and water to remove dirt, dust, and mildew.
* **Inspect for Damage:** Inspect the walls regularly for cracks, chips, or other damage. Repair any damage promptly to prevent further deterioration.
* **Caulk Cracks:** Caulk any cracks around windows, doors, and other openings to prevent moisture intrusion.
* **Trim Vegetation:** Trim any vegetation that is growing near the walls to prevent it from damaging the surface.
* **Repaint or Restain:** Repaint or restain the walls as needed to maintain their appearance.
* **For Stucco and EIFS:** Inspect for cracks and delamination. Repair any damaged areas promptly to prevent water intrusion. Recoat with a sealant as recommended by the manufacturer.

Conclusion

Covering exterior cinder block walls is an excellent way to improve the aesthetics, insulation, and protection of your property. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can achieve a professional-looking result that will enhance the value and enjoyment of your home or building. Remember to choose the right method for your budget, skill level, and desired aesthetic, and always prioritize proper preparation and maintenance. Good luck!