How to Identify a Savannah Cat: A Comprehensive Guide

Savannah cats are a relatively new and increasingly popular hybrid breed, known for their striking appearance and energetic personalities. They are a cross between a domestic cat and a Serval, a medium-sized African wild cat. Because of their exotic ancestry, Savannah cats possess unique physical traits that set them apart from regular domestic breeds. However, identifying a true Savannah can be tricky, especially given the wide range of generations and the possibility of breeders misrepresenting their cats. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the key characteristics to look for, enabling you to confidently identify a Savannah cat.

Understanding Savannah Cat Generations

Before diving into the physical attributes, it’s crucial to understand the generational classifications of Savannah cats. The “F” designation (F1, F2, F3, etc.) indicates how many generations removed the cat is from the Serval ancestor. Each generation exhibits different characteristics and has varying levels of Serval influence, which directly affects their appearance, size, and temperament.

* **F1 Savannah:** The F1 Savannah is the offspring of a Serval and a domestic cat. These are the largest and most exotic-looking Savannahs, possessing the highest percentage of Serval DNA (typically around 50%). F1s require specialized care and are often restricted in some areas due to local laws.
* **F2 Savannah:** An F2 Savannah is the offspring of an F1 Savannah and a domestic cat. They are still relatively large and retain many Serval-like features. The percentage of Serval DNA is usually around 25%, but it can vary.
* **F3 Savannah:** An F3 Savannah is the offspring of an F2 Savannah and a domestic cat. They are smaller than F1s and F2s, but still larger than most domestic breeds. The Serval DNA percentage decreases further.
* **F4 Savannah and Beyond:** F4, F5, and subsequent generations have a lower percentage of Serval DNA. They resemble domestic cats more closely but still retain some distinctive Savannah traits. These generations are generally easier to manage and more widely accepted.

The further removed from the Serval, the more the Savannah cat will resemble a domestic cat. This makes identification more challenging in the later generations, but still possible using the following characteristics.

Key Physical Characteristics to Look For

Identifying a Savannah cat involves carefully examining several physical attributes. Keep in mind that these characteristics are most pronounced in earlier generations (F1-F3) and may be less obvious in later generations.

1. Size and Build

* **Overall Size:** Savannah cats are significantly larger than most domestic cats, especially the earlier generations. An F1 Savannah can weigh between 20 and 30 pounds, while F2s range from 15 to 25 pounds. Even later generations (F4+) tend to be larger than average domestic cats, often weighing between 12 and 20 pounds.
* **Leg Length:** Savannahs have long legs, particularly their hind legs. This contributes to their taller stature and gives them a distinctive gait. Measure the leg length relative to the body size; Savannahs will have proportionally longer legs than regular domestic cats.
* **Body Length:** Their bodies are also longer and leaner than those of typical domestic cats. They have a muscular build and an athletic appearance.
* **Shoulder Height:** The height at the shoulder is a good indicator of size. F1 and F2 Savannahs can stand significantly taller than standard domestic breeds.

**How to Measure:**

To accurately assess size, compare the cat to a known domestic breed. Measure the length from nose to tail base, the height at the shoulder, and the leg length (from paw to hip). These measurements, combined with visual observation, can help determine if the cat’s size aligns with Savannah cat standards.

2. Coat Pattern and Color

* **Spotted Pattern:** The most defining characteristic of a Savannah cat is its spotted coat. The spots should be bold, dark, and distinct, contrasting sharply with the base coat color. The spots can vary in size and shape, but they should generally be round or oval.
* **Acceptable Colors:** The International Cat Association (TICA) recognizes specific coat colors for Savannah cats: brown spotted tabby, silver spotted tabby, black, and black smoke. Other colors are not considered standard and may indicate crossbreeding.
* **Ticking:** Ticking refers to hairs with bands of different colors along their length. While some ticking may be present, it should not be excessive and should not obscure the spotted pattern.
* **Warm Colors:** Savannah cats often have a warm, golden hue to their coat, inherited from the Serval. This warmth is most noticeable in brown spotted tabbies.

**How to Assess:**

Examine the coat pattern closely. Are the spots well-defined and contrasting? Is the color within the accepted range? Look for any signs of tabby striping, which is generally undesirable in Savannah cats (except as part of the spotted tabby pattern). Check for excessive ticking, which can dilute the spotted appearance. The warmer, golden tones are often a good indicator, particularly in brown spotted tabby Savannahs.

3. Head and Facial Features

* **Head Shape:** Savannahs have a distinctive head shape that is more wedge-shaped than round. Their heads are longer than they are wide, and their muzzles are prominent.
* **Nose:** The nose leather should be brick red surrounded by black, or solid black. The nose is relatively large.
* **Ears:** The ears are one of the most distinguishing features. They are exceptionally large, tall, and wide at the base, with rounded tips. The ears should be set high on the head and have a slightly cupped shape. The backs of the ears should have prominent “ocelli,” which are light-colored spots surrounded by dark borders (resembling eyes).
* **Eyes:** Savannahs typically have almond-shaped eyes that are set wide apart. The eye color can range from gold to green to brown. Black “tear stain” markings running from the inner corner of the eyes down the sides of the nose are desirable.
* **Chin:** The chin should be strong and well-defined.

**How to Evaluate:**

Compare the head shape to photos of confirmed Savannah cats. Measure the ear height and width to see if they align with Savannah standards. Look for the ocelli on the backs of the ears and the tear stain markings on the face. Assess the eye shape and color, and ensure the chin is strong and well-defined. The large, high-set ears are particularly important in identifying a Savannah cat.

4. Tail

* **Tail Length:** The tail of a Savannah cat is shorter than that of most domestic cats, typically reaching the hock (ankle) but not extending to the ground when standing. The tail should be thick and slightly tapered.
* **Tail Markings:** The tail should have black rings and a solid black tip. The rings may be incomplete on the underside of the tail.
* **Carriage:** The tail is often carried in a relaxed, slightly drooping position.

**How to Check:**

Observe the tail length relative to the cat’s body size. Look for the black rings and a solid black tip. Note how the cat carries its tail; Savannahs tend to have a more relaxed tail carriage compared to some domestic breeds. A shorter tail with distinct black markings is a strong indicator of Savannah heritage.

5. Gait and Movement

* **Gait:** Savannah cats have a distinctive gait due to their long legs and muscular build. They move with a graceful, athletic stride.
* **Jumping Ability:** They are known for their exceptional jumping ability. They can easily jump onto high surfaces and often exhibit remarkable agility.
* **Speed:** Savannahs are also known for their speed and can run faster than many domestic cat breeds.

**How to Observe:**

Watch the cat move around. Does it have a smooth, athletic gait? Can it jump with ease and grace? Observe its running speed. While these traits can be subjective, they can provide additional clues to its Savannah heritage. Their jumping ability is particularly impressive and often noticeable.

Behavioral Traits to Consider

While physical characteristics are essential for identification, understanding typical Savannah cat behaviors can also be helpful. However, remember that behavior can be influenced by environment and individual personality, so it should not be the sole basis for identification.

* **Intelligence:** Savannah cats are highly intelligent and trainable. They can learn tricks, understand commands, and even be leash-trained.
* **Activity Level:** They are very active and playful, requiring a lot of interaction and stimulation. They enjoy playing fetch, exploring, and engaging in puzzle toys.
* **Socialization:** Savannahs are generally social and affectionate with their families, but they can be wary of strangers. Early socialization is crucial to ensure they are well-adjusted.
* **Vocalization:** They often communicate with a unique vocalization that is a mix of meows and Serval-like chirps or hisses.
* **Water Play:** Many Savannahs are fascinated by water and enjoy playing with it. They may splash in their water bowls, play in the sink, or even join their owners in the shower.
* **Loyalty:** Savannahs often bond strongly with one or two people and can be very loyal companions.

**How to Evaluate:**

Observe the cat’s behavior in different situations. Is it curious and intelligent? Does it enjoy playing and interacting with people? Listen to its vocalizations and see if they are unique to Savannah cats. Watch its reaction to water. While these behavioral traits are not definitive, they can provide additional support for a Savannah cat identification.

The Importance of DNA Testing

While visual assessment and behavioral observation can be helpful, the most accurate way to confirm if a cat is a Savannah is through DNA testing. Several companies offer DNA tests specifically designed to identify Savannah cat ancestry. These tests can determine the percentage of Serval DNA in the cat’s genetic makeup, providing definitive proof of its Savannah heritage.

**How to Proceed:**

Consult with a veterinarian or a reputable Savannah cat breeder to find a reliable DNA testing service. Follow the instructions provided by the testing company to collect a DNA sample (usually a cheek swab). Send the sample to the lab and wait for the results. DNA testing provides the most objective and accurate means of confirming a Savannah cat’s identity.

Potential Pitfalls and Misidentifications

Identifying a Savannah cat can be challenging, and there are several potential pitfalls to avoid.

* **Breeders Misrepresenting Cats:** Unfortunately, some breeders may misrepresent their cats as Savannahs to increase their value. Always research the breeder thoroughly and ask for proof of lineage and DNA testing results.
* **Savannah-Like Domestic Breeds:** Some domestic breeds, such as the Bengal and Egyptian Mau, share some physical characteristics with Savannah cats, such as a spotted coat. It is important to carefully compare all the key features and consider DNA testing if there is any doubt.
* **Mixes and Crossbreeds:** Cats that are mixed with other breeds may exhibit some Savannah traits but not be true Savannahs. DNA testing can help determine if a cat is a genuine Savannah or a crossbreed.

**How to Protect Yourself:**

* **Research Breeders:** Choose reputable breeders who are transparent about their breeding practices and provide proof of lineage.
* **Verify Documentation:** Ask for registration papers, DNA testing results, and health records.
* **Compare Characteristics:** Carefully compare the cat’s physical and behavioral traits to Savannah standards.
* **Consider DNA Testing:** If you are unsure about a cat’s identity, DNA testing is the most reliable way to confirm its Savannah heritage.

Legal Considerations and Responsible Ownership

Before acquiring a Savannah cat, it’s essential to be aware of local laws and regulations regarding ownership. Some areas have restrictions on owning certain generations of Savannah cats due to their wild cat ancestry. Check with your local animal control or government authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable laws.

Furthermore, responsible Savannah cat ownership involves providing appropriate care and environment for these unique animals. They require a spacious living area, plenty of exercise and stimulation, and a high-quality diet. Due to their intelligence and activity level, they also need a dedicated owner who is willing to invest time and effort into their training and socialization.

Conclusion

Identifying a Savannah cat requires careful observation of its physical characteristics, an understanding of its behavioral traits, and, if necessary, DNA testing. By paying close attention to size, coat pattern, head shape, tail markings, and gait, you can gain valuable insights into its potential Savannah heritage. Remember that earlier generations (F1-F3) will exhibit more pronounced Savannah traits, while later generations may resemble domestic cats more closely. DNA testing remains the most reliable method for confirming a Savannah cat’s identity. Always prioritize responsible breeding practices, thorough research, and awareness of local regulations when considering adding a Savannah cat to your family. With the right knowledge and precautions, you can confidently identify a true Savannah cat and enjoy the unique companionship of this remarkable breed.