How to Identify an Egyptian Mau: A Comprehensive Guide

The Egyptian Mau is a fascinating and relatively rare breed of cat known for its distinctive spotted coat and elegant appearance. Often described as intelligent, playful, and loyal, they make wonderful companions for the right owner. However, distinguishing an Egyptian Mau from other spotted cats can be challenging. This comprehensive guide provides detailed steps and instructions to help you identify a potential Egyptian Mau.

Understanding the Egyptian Mau Breed

Before diving into the identification process, it’s crucial to understand the breed’s history and key characteristics. The Egyptian Mau is believed to be one of the oldest domesticated cat breeds, with evidence suggesting its lineage dates back thousands of years to ancient Egypt. The name “Mau” itself is the ancient Egyptian word for “cat.” These cats were revered and often depicted in ancient Egyptian art, reflecting their importance in the culture.

Modern Egyptian Maus are relatively rare. Responsible breeders prioritize health and temperament, which contributes to their higher cost and lower availability. Understanding this background helps appreciate the breed’s unique attributes and the importance of accurate identification.

Physical Characteristics: A Step-by-Step Guide to Identification

The Egyptian Mau possesses several distinct physical characteristics that, when considered together, can help distinguish it from other breeds. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

1. The Spotted Coat: A Signature Feature

The most defining characteristic of the Egyptian Mau is its naturally spotted coat. Unlike other breeds with spotted patterns created through selective breeding, the Mau’s spots are genetically inherent. This means that the spots are not tabby markings broken up, but rather individual, distinct spots. Here’s what to look for:

• Spot Shape and Distribution: The spots should be randomly distributed across the body, varying in size and shape. They can be round, oval, or even irregularly shaped. Avoid cats with perfectly uniform or symmetrical spots, as this is less common in purebred Maus. Look for contrast between the spots and the base coat color.
• Coat Colors: The Egyptian Mau is typically found in three standard colors: silver, bronze, and smoke. Silver Maus have a pale silver ground color with charcoal grey to black spots. Bronze Maus have a warm bronze ground color with dark brown to black spots. Smoke Maus have a charcoal grey base coat with black spots; in smoke Maus, the spotting pattern may be more subtle and visible primarily in certain lighting conditions. A rare color, black/melanistic, can occur. Black Maus have faint ghost spotting but the markings are barely visible.
• Spotting on the Flanks and Shoulders: Pay close attention to the flank area, as this is where the spots are usually most prominent. The shoulders should also exhibit clear spotting, although it may be slightly less dense than on the flanks.
• Absence of Tabby Markings: Purebred Egyptian Maus should not have any visible tabby markings (stripes, swirls, or bullseyes) on their body. While faint tabby markings may be present on the forehead or legs, they should be minimal and not detract from the overall spotted appearance.

2. The “M” Mark on the Forehead

Like many tabby cats, Egyptian Maus typically have a distinct “M” marking on their forehead. However, in Maus, this marking is often more pronounced and integrated into a complex pattern that includes frown lines that extend from the inner corner of the eyes towards the ears, and scarab beetle marking on the forehead. Look for:

• Shape and Clarity: The “M” should be clearly defined and easily recognizable.
• Integration with Other Markings: Observe how the “M” blends with other markings on the forehead, such as the frown lines. In a true Egyptian Mau, the “M” is usually part of a more elaborate pattern rather than a standalone mark.

3. The Cheetah Tears (Mascara Lines)

One of the most distinctive features of the Egyptian Mau is the presence of “cheetah tears,” also known as mascara lines. These are dark lines that extend from the inner corner of the eyes down the sides of the nose. These lines are quite pronounced. Look for:

• Length and Thickness: The tear lines should be relatively long and thin, resembling the streaks seen on cheetahs.
• Symmetry: The lines should be symmetrical on both sides of the face.
• Definition: The lines should be sharply defined and clearly visible against the surrounding fur.

4. Eye Color and Shape

The Egyptian Mau’s eyes are another key feature for identification. Their eyes are large, almond-shaped, and have a distinctive gooseberry green color. This color is typically unique to the breed. Here’s what to look for:

• Color: The eye color must be a vibrant gooseberry green in adult cats. Kittens may have blue or yellowish eyes that transition to green as they mature. Eye color is the most distinguishing feature in the breed.
• Shape: The eyes should be slightly almond-shaped, with a slight slant towards the nose. They should not be round or overly slanted.
• Expression: Maus often have an alert and intelligent expression, due to their keen and observant nature.

5. Body Structure and Size

Egyptian Maus have a unique body structure that sets them apart from other breeds. They are considered medium-sized cats, with a balanced and athletic build. Here’s what to look for:

• Body Type: They have a lithe and muscular body, with a graceful and agile appearance. They are not overly stocky or cobby.
• Legs and Paws: Their hind legs are slightly longer than their front legs, giving them a distinctive gait and allowing them to run incredibly fast. Their paws are small and dainty, with oval or slightly rounded shapes.
• Tail: The tail is medium in length, tapering slightly to a rounded tip. It should be in proportion to the body and carried gracefully.
• Size: Adult males typically weigh between 10 and 14 pounds, while females weigh between 8 and 12 pounds.

6. Head Shape and Ears

The head and ears of the Egyptian Mau also contribute to its overall appearance. Here’s what to look for:

• Head Shape: The head is a moderately wedge-shaped, with slightly rounded contours. The muzzle should not be overly pointed or square.
• Ears: The ears are medium to large in size, set well apart, and slightly pointed at the tips. They are alert and expressive.

Temperament and Behavior: Clues to Identification

While physical characteristics are crucial, temperament and behavior can also provide clues to identifying an Egyptian Mau. Maus are known for their intelligence, playfulness, and strong bond with their families. However, these traits can vary from cat to cat. Consider these behavioral aspects:

• Intelligence: Maus are highly intelligent cats, capable of learning tricks and solving puzzles. They are often curious and enjoy exploring their surroundings.
• Playfulness: They are known for their playful nature and enjoy interactive games, such as fetching and chasing toys.
• Loyalty: They tend to form strong bonds with their families and can be quite affectionate. They often follow their owners around the house and enjoy being involved in their activities.
• Sensitivity: They are sensitive cats and can be easily stressed by changes in their environment or routine.
• Vocalization: Maus have a distinctive voice and often communicate through a variety of sounds, including chirps, trills, and meows.

Ruling Out Look-Alikes: Breeds with Similar Appearances

Several other breeds can resemble the Egyptian Mau, making accurate identification more challenging. Here are some breeds to consider and how to differentiate them:

• Bengal: Bengals are also spotted cats but are generally larger and have a wilder appearance. Their spots are often rosettes (spots with a darker outline), whereas Maus have more randomly shaped spots. Bengals also tend to have a more muscular build and a different head shape. Bengal’s eyes are not gooseberry green.
• Ocicat: The Ocicat is another spotted breed, but unlike the Egyptian Mau, it was created by selectively breeding Siamese and Abyssinian cats. Ocicats are larger than Maus and have a more rounded head. Their spots are also more uniform in size and distribution. Ocicats do not have gooseberry green eyes.
• Savannah: Savannah cats are a hybrid breed resulting from crossing a domestic cat with a Serval (a wild African cat). They are much larger than Egyptian Maus and have a more elongated body. Their spots are also larger and bolder. Savannahs have taller ears. Savannah eyes are typically golden or brownish-green.
• Spotted Domestic Shorthairs: Many domestic shorthair cats can have spotted coats, but these are usually the result of random breeding and do not conform to the specific standards of the Egyptian Mau. Domestic shorthairs often lack the distinct features of the Mau, such as the cheetah tears, gooseberry green eyes, and unique body structure.

The Importance of Documentation and Breeder Verification

If you suspect you have an Egyptian Mau, it’s crucial to seek documentation and verify the breeder’s credentials. Reputable breeders will provide registration papers from recognized cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) or the Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA). These papers serve as proof of pedigree and confirm that the cat meets the breed standards.

Here are some tips for verifying a breeder:

• Ask for Registration Papers: Reputable breeders will readily provide registration papers for their kittens.
• Visit the Cattery: If possible, visit the cattery to see the cats in person and assess the breeder’s practices. A clean and well-maintained cattery is a good sign.
• Ask Questions: Don’t hesitate to ask the breeder questions about their breeding practices, health testing, and the temperament of their cats.
• Check Online Reviews: Look for online reviews and testimonials from other buyers.
• Contact Cat Registries: Contact TICA or CFA to verify the breeder’s membership and registration status.

Genetic Testing: A Definitive Identification Method

In some cases, genetic testing may be necessary to definitively identify an Egyptian Mau. Genetic tests can analyze the cat’s DNA to determine its breed composition and identify any genetic markers associated with the breed. While not always necessary, genetic testing can be a valuable tool for confirming a cat’s lineage, especially if its history is unknown. These tests can be purchased online or through a veterinarian.

Conclusion: Combining Observations for Accurate Identification

Identifying an Egyptian Mau requires careful observation and a thorough understanding of the breed’s characteristics. By combining physical traits, behavioral tendencies, and breeder verification, you can increase your chances of accurately identifying a potential Mau. Remember to consider all the factors discussed in this guide and consult with experts or breeders if you have any doubts. The unique beauty and charm of the Egyptian Mau make the identification process a rewarding experience for any cat enthusiast.