How to Play Taps: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners and Beyond

Taps, a bugle call steeped in history and emotion, is instantly recognizable. Often played at military funerals, memorial services, and during flag ceremonies, its 24 notes evoke a powerful sense of solemnity, respect, and remembrance. Learning to play Taps is not just about mastering a melody; it’s about connecting with tradition and honoring those who have served. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the steps, from understanding the history and significance of Taps to mastering the techniques and nuances of playing it correctly.

Understanding the History and Significance of Taps

Taps has a rich history, originating from a variation of an earlier bugle call called “Scott Tattoo,” used in the American Civil War. In 1862, Brigadier General Daniel Butterfield, commander of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, Army of the Potomac, felt that the traditional infantry call for “lights out” was too formal and harsh for the occasion. He collaborated with his brigade bugler, Oliver Wilcox Norton, to compose a more melodic and somber alternative. This new call, initially known as “Extinguish Lights,” eventually became known as “Taps.”

The call quickly gained popularity among both Union and Confederate troops and gradually evolved from a signal for lights out to a solemn tribute. It wasn’t officially adopted by the U.S. Army until 1874 but has remained a vital part of military and civilian traditions ever since. Taps is now internationally recognized as a symbol of respect and is played not just at military functions but also at numerous civilian events to honor and remember individuals who have passed away.

Understanding the emotional weight carried by each note helps you play Taps with the reverence it deserves. It’s more than just a series of notes; it’s a heartfelt expression of remembrance.

Choosing the Right Instrument

While Taps is traditionally played on a bugle, which is a valveless instrument, it can also be played effectively on a trumpet, cornet, or flugelhorn. Each of these brass instruments offers a slightly different tone, but the basic fingering remains consistent for the notes of Taps.

• Bugle: The traditional instrument for Taps, the bugle creates a unique, raw tone, often preferred for authenticity. It is harder to play as it requires using embouchure and air flow to change notes and therefore less suitable for beginners.
• Trumpet: A common choice for beginners, the trumpet’s valves make note transitions easier. It provides a clearer, brighter tone.
• Cornet: Similar to the trumpet, the cornet has a more mellow sound and is a good alternative.
• Flugelhorn: Known for its darker, richer tone, the flugelhorn is a less common but suitable instrument for playing Taps.

For this guide, we will focus on the trumpet since it is the most common and accessible to those who are learning. No matter which instrument you choose, ensure that it is in good working condition with no leaks, damaged valves, or sticking slides.

Basic Trumpet Knowledge Required

Before attempting Taps, you should have a basic understanding of the trumpet and a few essential skills. This includes:

• Proper Embouchure: The way you form your mouth around the mouthpiece is crucial for producing a good tone. Your lips should be firm, with a small opening for air to pass through. Avoid pressing the mouthpiece too hard against your lips.
• Proper Breathing: Use diaphragmatic breathing, taking deep breaths from your stomach rather than your chest. This allows you to sustain notes and provide sufficient air flow.
• Correct Posture: Sit or stand upright with your shoulders relaxed. This promotes good airflow and embouchure control.
• Understanding of Basic Music Theory: Know how to read simple rhythms and understand the basic concept of music notes. While Taps doesn’t require complex music theory knowledge it helps to understand its structure.
• Basic Trumpet Fingerings: Be familiar with the fingering for the notes from middle C to a G above middle C on the trumpet. Taps uses notes only within this register.

The Notes of Taps: A Breakdown

Taps is made up of just 24 notes. While seemingly simple, the challenge lies in the correct timing, phrasing, and tone. It is written in a slow and deliberate manner.

Here is the sequence of notes, with the corresponding trumpet fingerings (0 = open, 1 = 1st valve, 2 = 2nd valve, 12 = 1st and 2nd valve, 23=2nd and 3rd valve, 13=1st and 3rd valve and 123 = all valves pressed):

The note names are based on Concert Bb where C is the note one octave below middle C. A Bb trumpet is required to play along with this sheet music.

Note | Fingering | Note Number on Sheet Music | Length in 4/4 Time

G | 0 | 1 | Quarter Note

G | 0 | 2 | Quarter Note

C | 12 | 3 | Quarter Note

D | 0 | 4 | Quarter Note

G | 0 | 5 | Quarter Note

G | 0 | 6 | Quarter Note

C | 12 | 7 | Quarter Note

D | 0 | 8 | Quarter Note

E | 1 | 9 | Quarter Note

F#|12 | 10| Quarter Note

G | 0 | 11| Half Note

E| 1 | 12| Quarter Note

F#|12 | 13| Quarter Note

G | 0 | 14| Half Note

D | 0 | 15| Quarter Note

G | 0 | 16| Quarter Note

C | 12 | 17| Quarter Note

G | 0 | 18| Quarter Note

F# | 12 | 19| Quarter Note

E | 1 | 20| Quarter Note

D | 0 | 21| Half Note

C | 12 | 22| Whole Note

G | 0 | 23| Half Note

rest | – | 24 | Whole Note

Note: Make sure to check for any transposed versions of the sheet music based on your instrument.

Step-by-Step Guide to Playing Taps

Now, let’s break down how to play Taps step-by-step:

Step 1: Start with the Basics

• Warm-up: Before playing Taps, play some basic scales and long tones to get your lips and breathing warmed up. This ensures that your tone is consistent, and you avoid straining your embouchure.
• Practice each note individually: Before trying to play the whole song, focus on producing a clear, consistent tone for each note in the melody. Start with G, C, D, E, and F#.
• Focus on Fingering: Use a mirror if you have one to watch your fingers and ensure that you’re pressing the valves correctly. Aim for smooth transitions between each note.

Step 2: Learn the First Few Phrases

Taps is often broken down into phrases. The first phrase is a series of repeated notes followed by some ascending notes. Begin by practicing the first phrase:

G-G-C-D-G-G-C-D

Play these notes very slowly, focusing on the rhythm. Practice this sequence repeatedly until it feels natural. It’s important to note that each note of taps is played for exactly 1 count in 4/4 timing with the exception of the 11th, 14th, 21st, 23rd, and 24th note which are of a longer duration.

Step 3: The Middle Section and its variations

The second phrase introduces some variation into the melody.

E-F#-G

E-F#-G

These variations may require slightly more practice due to the introduction of F#.

Step 4: Connect the Sections

Once you have practiced the first two parts, combine them and focus on smooth transition between phrases.

G-G-C-D-G-G-C-D-E-F#-G-E-F#-G

Focus on creating a consistent tone throughout each note in the sequence. This section will allow you to get the majority of the fingering practice out of the way.

Step 5: Master the Ending

The final phrase of Taps is just as important as the other sections. It ends by gradually trailing off. Play the notes with care and allow each note to resonate before moving to the next one.

D-G-C-G-F#-E-D-C-G-Rest

Each note must be deliberate as this section draws the song to a close. The final notes especially should be played without rushing. The silence at the end is as important as the notes.

Step 6: Practice the Entire Call

After you are comfortable with each section of the call, put the whole song together. Play slowly and steadily, paying attention to rhythm and tone. Do not rush the tempo, maintain the same pace throughout. As you practice, you will start to feel more comfortable, and you can slowly increase the speed to its proper pace.

G-G-C-D-G-G-C-D-E-F#-G-E-F#-G-D-G-C-G-F#-E-D-C-G-rest

Step 7: Focus on Tone Quality and Phrasing

Remember that Taps is a call that carries a great emotional weight, therefore, your playing must reflect that. Your notes should sound even, consistent, and mournful. Avoid harsh or jarring tones and use soft tones where appropriate. You should maintain a soft, legato style, connecting the notes smoothly without any harsh starts or stops. Use your air to sustain notes rather than chopping them off short.

Step 8: Record and Listen

Record yourself playing and then listen back critically to the recording. Doing this will give you an objective way to assess your own playing. Pay attention to the areas where you may need additional practice. Don’t be afraid to go back to basic practice if you notice mistakes.

Step 9: Practice Regularly and Seek Feedback

Like any skill, playing Taps requires consistent practice. Set aside time each day or at least several times a week to practice and gradually improve your technique. Seek feedback from an experienced musician or teacher. They can often help you spot areas for improvement that you may not notice yourself.

Step 10: Understand the Importance of Taps

Playing Taps is a solemn duty, so always approach it with respect and understanding. It is a call played during very emotional times and must therefore be played with respect.

Tips for Playing Taps with Reverence

• Tempo: Play at a slow and deliberate pace. Rushing detracts from the solemnity of the call. A quarter note at around 60 beats per minute is standard.
• Volume: Maintain a consistent volume that is neither too loud nor too quiet. Aim for a volume that is respectful and appropriate for the occasion.
• Expression: Play with a heartfelt expression. Each note should resonate with emotion and respect.
• Silence: Be mindful of the rests and silences between notes. These silences contribute to the mood of Taps. The rest at the end is important and must be played properly.
• Location: Consider your environment and if you are playing for an audience, be aware of how you are presenting yourself to them and maintain your composure at all times.
• Posture: Stand or sit with good posture, reflecting the solemnity of the moment.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Rushing: One of the most common mistakes is rushing through the call. Keep the tempo slow and steady.
• Inconsistent Tone: Aim for a smooth, consistent tone throughout the call. Avoid jerky movements between notes.
• Incorrect Fingering: Double-check your fingering, even if you think you know the correct position. Practicing incorrect fingerings will make it harder to play the call correctly later on.
• Poor Breathing: Use diaphragmatic breathing to support your notes and avoid running out of air.
• Too much pressure on the mouthpiece: While maintaining a proper embouchure is important, avoid pressing the mouthpiece too hard against your lips. This leads to a poor tone, fatigue, and may cause physical discomfort.
• Not practicing: Consistent practice is important to improve your ability to play the call properly.

Conclusion

Learning to play Taps is a rewarding experience that connects you to a powerful tradition. While challenging, with dedication and practice, anyone can master this iconic bugle call. Remember that it’s not just about the technical aspects of playing, but also about playing with heart and reverence. Whether you are playing for military honors or a private remembrance, your music will honor those who are no longer here and create a lasting tribute.

This comprehensive guide provides you with the knowledge and tools you need to learn how to play Taps. Take your time, practice diligently, and always play with the respect that this call deserves.