Keeping Spiders As Pets: A Comprehensive Guide

So, you’re considering keeping a spider as a pet? While it might not be the first creature that comes to mind when thinking of cuddly companions, spiders can be fascinating, low-maintenance, and surprisingly rewarding pets. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know, from selecting the right species to providing a suitable habitat and caring for your eight-legged friend.

Why Keep a Spider as a Pet?

Before diving into the practical aspects, let’s consider the appeal of spider ownership:

* **Low Maintenance:** Spiders don’t require daily walks, constant attention, or expensive toys. Their needs are relatively simple and straightforward.
* **Fascinating Behavior:** Observing a spider’s hunting techniques, web-building skills, and molting process can be incredibly engaging.
* **Unique and Educational:** Spider ownership offers a unique opportunity to learn about arachnids and their vital role in the ecosystem.
* **Hypoallergenic (Generally):** Unlike cats and dogs, spiders don’t produce dander, making them a potentially suitable pet for people with allergies (though it’s crucial to avoid direct contact if you have any venom sensitivities).
* **Relatively Inexpensive:** Compared to many other pets, the initial setup and ongoing costs for spider care are relatively low.

Choosing the Right Spider Species

Not all spiders are created equal when it comes to pet suitability. Some are venomous and dangerous, while others are more docile and easier to care for. Here are a few popular and relatively beginner-friendly species:

* **Tarantulas (Family Theraphosidae):** Tarantulas are arguably the most popular pet spiders. They come in a wide variety of colors, sizes, and temperaments. Some good beginner species include:
* **Chilean Rose Hair Tarantula ( *Grammostola rosea* or *Grammostola porteri*):** Docile, hardy, and readily available. They are known for their slow growth rate and can live for many years.
* **Curly Hair Tarantula (*Tliltocatl albopilosus*):** Another docile species with distinctive curly hairs. They are also relatively easy to care for.
* **Mexican Red Knee Tarantula (*Brachypelma hamorii*):** A beautiful and popular species with vibrant red markings on its legs. They are generally docile but can be skittish.
* **Pinktoe Tarantula (*Avicularia avicularia*):** An arboreal species (lives in trees) with pink toe pads. They require a taller enclosure with plenty of climbing opportunities. They are generally docile but can be fast-moving.
* **Jumping Spiders (Family Salticidae):** These small, intelligent spiders are known for their excellent eyesight and acrobatic jumping abilities. They are diurnal (active during the day) and are fascinating to observe. A popular species is the *Phidippus regius* (Regal Jumping Spider).
* **Orb-Weaving Spiders (Family Araneidae):** These spiders create intricate orb webs and are captivating to watch as they build and maintain their webs. However, they are generally more challenging to keep than tarantulas or jumping spiders, as they require a constant supply of live insects.

**Important Considerations Before Choosing a Species:**

* **Venom:** Research the venom potency of any species you’re considering. While tarantula venom is generally not considered medically significant to humans (unless you have an allergic reaction), some species have more potent venom than others. Jumping spiders are generally considered harmless to humans.
* **Temperament:** Some spiders are docile and easy to handle, while others are defensive and prone to biting. Choose a species that matches your comfort level and experience.
* **Size:** Consider the adult size of the spider and whether you have adequate space for its enclosure.
* **Lifespan:** Tarantulas can live for many years (females generally live longer than males), so be prepared for a long-term commitment. Jumping spiders have much shorter lifespans, typically around a year.
* **Legality:** Ensure that it is legal to own the species you’re considering in your area. Some species may be protected or regulated.

**Never capture wild spiders to keep as pets.** This can disrupt local ecosystems and may be illegal. Instead, purchase spiders from reputable breeders or pet stores that specialize in arachnids.

Setting Up the Spider’s Habitat

A suitable habitat is crucial for the health and well-being of your pet spider. Here’s what you’ll need:

* **Enclosure:** The size of the enclosure will depend on the species and size of your spider. A general rule of thumb is that the enclosure should be at least three times the spider’s leg span in length and width. For arboreal species, the enclosure should be taller than it is wide. Glass or plastic enclosures with secure lids are ideal.
* **Terrestrial Tarantulas:** A 5-10 gallon tank is generally sufficient for most adult terrestrial tarantulas.
* **Arboreal Tarantulas:** A taller enclosure, such as a 10-20 gallon vertical tank, is necessary.
* **Jumping Spiders:** Small enclosures specifically designed for jumping spiders are readily available. A container that is about 4x4x6 inches or slightly larger works well. Cross ventilation is vital for these spiders.
* **Substrate:** The substrate is the material that lines the bottom of the enclosure. It helps maintain humidity and provides a place for the spider to burrow (for burrowing species). Suitable substrates include:
* **Coconut Fiber (Coco Coir):** A popular choice for tarantulas. It holds moisture well and is readily available.
* **Peat Moss:** Another good option for tarantulas, but make sure it is free of fertilizers and pesticides.
* **Vermiculite:** Can be mixed with other substrates to improve moisture retention.
* **ABG Mix:** A mix of tree fern fiber, peat moss, sphagnum moss, charcoal, and perlite. This mix is suitable for arboreal species and provides good drainage.
* **Paper Towels:** For jumping spiders, simple paper towels can be used as a substrate. Change them regularly to keep the enclosure clean.
* **Hides:** Spiders need a place to hide and feel secure. Provide a hide such as:
* **Cork Bark:** A natural and attractive option for tarantulas.
* **Half Logs:** Can be purchased from pet stores.
* **Flower Pots:** Small clay flower pots can be used as hides.
* **Leaves:** Dried leaves can provide hiding spots for jumping spiders.
* **Water Dish:** Provide a shallow dish of fresh water for your spider to drink. The dish should be shallow enough to prevent the spider from drowning. A bottle cap can work well for smaller spiders, while larger tarantulas will require a larger dish. For jumping spiders, misting the enclosure regularly may be sufficient.
* **Decorations:** Add some decorations to make the enclosure more visually appealing and provide enrichment for your spider. Suitable decorations include:
* **Branches:** Provide climbing opportunities for arboreal species.
* **Fake Plants:** Add some greenery to the enclosure.
* **Rocks:** Make sure the rocks are stable and won’t fall on the spider.
* **Webbing Opportunities:** For spiders that build webs, provide structures like twigs and branches that they can use to attach their webs to.
* **Lighting:** Most spiders do not require special lighting. Ambient room light is generally sufficient. Avoid direct sunlight, as this can overheat the enclosure. Jumping spiders, being diurnal, benefit from a day/night cycle, and can be kept near a window or provided with a low-wattage LED light on a timer for about 12 hours per day.
* **Temperature and Humidity:** Maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity levels for your species. Use a thermometer and hygrometer to monitor these levels. Tarantulas typically thrive at temperatures between 70-80°F (21-27°C) and humidity levels between 60-70%. Jumping spiders generally prefer temperatures between 70-85°F (21-29°C) and humidity levels between 50-70%. You can increase humidity by misting the enclosure regularly.

Feeding Your Spider

Spiders are carnivores and primarily eat insects. Here’s what you need to know about feeding:

* **Food Items:** The most common food items for pet spiders include:
* **Crickets:** A readily available and nutritious food source.
* **Mealworms:** Can be purchased from pet stores. They are high in fat, so don’t feed them too often.
* **Roaches:** Dubia roaches are a popular choice for tarantulas. They are nutritious, easy to breed, and don’t smell.
* **Fruit Flies:** A suitable food source for spiderlings and smaller jumping spiders.
* **Waxworms:** These are high in fat and should only be given as an occasional treat.
* **Feeding Frequency:** The frequency of feeding will depend on the species, size, and age of your spider. Spiderlings (baby spiders) need to be fed more frequently than adults. A general guideline is to feed:
* **Spiderlings:** Every 2-3 days.
* **Juveniles:** Once a week.
* **Adults:** Once every 1-2 weeks.
* **Prey Size:** The size of the prey item should be appropriate for the size of the spider. A good rule of thumb is that the prey item should be no larger than the spider’s abdomen.
* **How to Feed:** Offer the prey item to the spider by dropping it into the enclosure. If the spider doesn’t eat the prey item within 24 hours, remove it from the enclosure. Uneaten prey can stress the spider and potentially injure it.
* **Gut Loading:** Gut loading is the practice of feeding the prey item nutritious food before offering it to the spider. This ensures that the spider is getting the maximum nutritional value from its meal. Good gut-loading foods include: fresh vegetables, fruits, and commercial gut-loading diets.
* **Water:** Ensure your spider has access to fresh water at all times, either through a water dish or by misting the enclosure. Jumping spiders often drink water droplets from the sides of their enclosure.

Handling Your Spider

Handling spiders is a controversial topic. Some people enjoy handling their spiders, while others prefer not to. Here are some important considerations:

* **Species:** Some species are more docile and easier to handle than others. Chilean Rose Hair Tarantulas and Curly Hair Tarantulas are generally considered to be good species for handling.
* **Temperament:** Even within the same species, individual spiders can have different temperaments. Some spiders may be more skittish or defensive than others.
* **Safety:** Always prioritize the safety of both yourself and the spider. If you’re not comfortable handling your spider, don’t do it. Tarantulas can flick urticating hairs (defensive hairs on their abdomen) if they feel threatened, which can cause skin irritation. Some spiders may bite if they feel threatened. Jumping spiders can be handled more easily and are less likely to bite, but they are fast and can easily jump away.
* **Technique:** If you choose to handle your spider, do so gently and carefully. Never grab or squeeze the spider. Allow the spider to walk onto your hand. Keep your hand low to the ground in case the spider falls.
* **Frequency:** Don’t handle your spider too often, as this can stress it out. A few minutes a week is usually sufficient.

**If you are bitten by a spider, clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water and seek medical attention if necessary.**

Molting

Molting is the process by which spiders shed their exoskeletons as they grow. It’s a natural and essential part of a spider’s life cycle.

* **Signs of Molting:** Some signs that your spider is about to molt include:
* **Decreased Appetite:** The spider may stop eating for several days or weeks before molting.
* **Darkening of the Abdomen:** The abdomen may become darker and more swollen.
* **Lethargy:** The spider may become less active and spend more time hiding.
* **Webbing:** The spider may create a molting mat (a thick layer of silk) to protect itself during the molting process.
* **During Molting:** Do not disturb the spider during molting. Provide a humid environment to help the spider shed its exoskeleton. Do not feed the spider during molting.
* **After Molting:** After molting, the spider’s new exoskeleton will be soft and vulnerable. Do not handle the spider for several days after molting to allow its exoskeleton to harden. The spider may also be reluctant to eat for a few days after molting.

Common Health Problems

Spiders are generally hardy creatures, but they can be susceptible to certain health problems.

* **Dehydration:** Dehydration can be a serious problem for spiders. Make sure your spider has access to fresh water at all times.
* **Mites:** Mites are tiny parasites that can infest spiders. They can be treated with a variety of medications.
* **Fungal Infections:** Fungal infections can occur in humid environments. Improve ventilation and reduce humidity to prevent fungal infections.
* **Injuries:** Injuries can occur if the spider falls or is attacked by prey. Treat injuries with antibiotics and provide a clean environment.
* **Dysecdysis (Bad Molt):** Occurs when a spider has trouble shedding its exoskeleton properly. Ensure proper humidity levels during molting to help prevent this.

Breeding Spiders

Breeding spiders can be a rewarding but challenging endeavor. It requires a thorough understanding of spider behavior and care. It is generally not recommended for beginners.

* **Species Compatibility:** Research the specific breeding requirements of the species you are interested in. Some species are easier to breed than others.
* **Sexing Spiders:** Identifying the sex of spiders can be difficult, especially in juveniles. Adult males often have tibial hooks (hooks on their front legs) and smaller abdomens than females.
* **Mating:** Introduce the male and female spiders in a controlled environment. Monitor their behavior closely to ensure that the mating is successful. Some female spiders may kill and eat the male after mating.
* **Egg Sac:** After mating, the female will create an egg sac. The egg sac should be kept in a safe and humid environment.
* **Spiderlings:** Once the spiderlings hatch, they will need to be cared for individually. Spiderlings can be fed fruit flies or other small insects.

Legality and Ethical Considerations

* **Legality:** Check your local laws and regulations regarding the ownership of exotic animals, including spiders. Some species may be prohibited or require permits.
* **Ethical Sourcing:** Purchase spiders from reputable breeders or pet stores that prioritize the health and welfare of their animals. Avoid purchasing wild-caught spiders, as this can disrupt local ecosystems.
* **Responsible Ownership:** Provide your spider with the best possible care and ensure that it cannot escape and potentially harm the environment.

Conclusion

Keeping spiders as pets can be a fascinating and rewarding experience. By choosing the right species, providing a suitable habitat, and following proper care guidelines, you can enjoy the unique companionship of these amazing creatures. Remember to research your chosen species thoroughly and always prioritize the safety and well-being of your spider. With patience and dedication, you can become a successful and responsible spider owner.