Mastering the Art of Wearing a Traditional Chinese Dress: A Comprehensive Guide

Traditional Chinese dresses, with their rich history and exquisite craftsmanship, are more than just garments; they are cultural statements, works of art, and a beautiful connection to the past. Whether you’re preparing for a special occasion, a cultural event, or simply wish to appreciate the beauty of Chinese heritage, knowing how to wear these dresses correctly is crucial. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the various types of traditional Chinese dresses, provide step-by-step instructions for proper wear, and offer tips on styling and accessorizing to ensure you look your absolute best.

Understanding the Variety of Traditional Chinese Dresses

Before we dive into the specifics of wearing these dresses, it’s important to understand the different styles you might encounter. Each has its unique characteristics, history, and cultural significance.

1. Qipao (Cheongsam)

The qipao, also known as the cheongsam, is perhaps the most iconic and recognizable traditional Chinese dress. It originated in the 1920s in Shanghai and is characterized by its form-fitting silhouette, high collar, side slits, and often intricate embroidery. Qipaos can range in sleeve length from sleeveless to long-sleeved and come in various fabrics like silk, brocade, and cotton. They are considered elegant, graceful, and sophisticated.

2. Hanfu

Hanfu refers to the traditional clothing of the Han Chinese people and has a much longer history, dating back thousands of years. Hanfu is characterized by its loose, flowing garments, often consisting of multiple layers. The basic components include a yi (a tunic or robe-like top), a shang (a skirt), and a yao (a belt or sash). There are various styles of Hanfu depending on the dynasty and the occasion. Common elements include wide sleeves, cross-collars, and delicate draping. Hanfu embodies a sense of ethereal beauty and historical gravitas.

3. Tang Suit

The Tang suit is a style of traditional Chinese clothing that gained popularity during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China period. While not as ancient as Hanfu, it’s still deeply rooted in Chinese culture and often associated with celebrations and festivals. Tang suits typically feature a stand-up collar, knotted buttons (often frog buttons), and loose, comfortable fit. They can be made of silk, cotton, or linen and often feature embroidered patterns.

4. Magua

The Magua is a type of outer jacket, historically worn by men over their robes. While primarily a male garment, it can be adapted for women as well and used to add a sophisticated layer over other Chinese clothing styles. Maguas typically have a front opening and a Mandarin collar, often made of luxurious fabrics and adorned with decorative stitching or embroidery.

Step-by-Step Guide: Wearing a Qipao (Cheongsam)

The qipao, due to its fitted nature, often requires the most careful approach when putting on. Here’s a detailed, step-by-step guide:

1. Preparation:

   • Undergarments: Wear appropriate undergarments. Seamless or nude-colored underwear is recommended to avoid lines showing through the fabric. Consider shapewear if you want to smooth out your silhouette, especially for fitted qipaos. A strapless bra is ideal to prevent straps from being visible.
   • Hair and Makeup: Style your hair before putting on the dress to avoid tangling or messing it up. Consider classic Chinese-inspired hairstyles such as a sleek bun or a gentle wave. Similarly, apply your makeup beforehand, keeping it elegant and complementary to the dress’s color and design.

2. Putting on the Qipao:

   • Step In: With the qipao unzipped or unbuttoned (depending on the design), carefully step into it. Make sure you are on a clean surface, preferably with soft carpeting or a mat to avoid accidentally snagging the delicate fabric.
   • Pull Up Carefully: Gently pull the dress up over your hips and waist. Avoid tugging or pulling harshly, as this could damage the seams. The fabric is often delicate, so treat it with care.
   • Position the Shoulders: Carefully position the shoulders of the dress onto your own. Make sure the seams sit comfortably and naturally on your shoulders.
   • Fasten the Dress: If the qipao has a zipper, gently zip it up. If it has buttons, carefully fasten them one by one, starting from the top or the bottom, working your way through to the other end.
   • Adjust the Fit: Once fastened, adjust the dress around your body to ensure a snug, comfortable fit. The qipao should follow the natural curves of your body without feeling too tight or restrictive. You should be able to breathe comfortably. Make sure the side slits are evenly placed and lie flat against your legs.

3. Final Touches and Adjustments:

   • Check the Neckline: Ensure the collar sits comfortably around your neck without feeling too tight or loose. If it has a clasp, make sure it’s properly closed.
   • Adjust the Sleeves: Adjust the sleeve length if necessary. They should sit gracefully on your arms.
   • Check for Wrinkles: Give the dress a final look in the mirror and check for any wrinkles. If necessary, carefully steam or iron the dress (using a low heat setting and a pressing cloth) prior to wearing to ensure a smooth, flawless appearance.

Step-by-Step Guide: Wearing Hanfu

Hanfu, with its layered components, requires a different approach. Here’s a detailed guide on how to put on a basic Hanfu set:

1. Preparation:

   • Undergarments: Wear a thin, plain under layer or a camisole and shorts. Hanfu is designed to drape, and bulkier undergarments can disrupt this.
   • Hair and Makeup: Prepare your hair and makeup to complement the Hanfu style. Consider traditional hairstyles such as a simple bun adorned with hairpins or a loose, flowing style.

2. Putting on the Hanfu:

   • Start with the Zhongyi (Inner Tunic): Put on the inner layer (Zhongyi). It usually has a cross collar and is loosely fitted. Tie the ties if applicable to secure it.
   • Put on the Yi (Outer Tunic or Robe): Next, put on the outer tunic or robe. It can be a simple robe or a more decorative outer garment. Position it so the cross collar sits properly. Tie or fasten any inner ties before closing the exterior with belts or cords.
   • Put on the Shang (Skirt): Take your skirt (Shang) and wrap it around your waist. The skirt can either be tied in place with a ribbon or have fasteners. If its a wrap-around skirt, make sure the opening ends up where it should for proper draping, typically to the front of the body. Make sure the ties are secure, but comfortable.
   • Secure with the Yao (Belt/Sash): Once the skirt is on, secure it with the sash or belt (Yao). This often sits at the natural waistline, or just a little higher. This helps give the ensemble shape and structure. Ensure the sash or belt is tied tightly but comfortably.

3. Adjust and Style:

   • Adjust the Draping: Adjust the draping of the garments as needed, making sure everything flows well.
   • Check the Sleeves: Ensure the sleeves hang naturally and aren’t bunching. Hanfu sleeves are typically quite wide and flowing.
   • Check the Cross Collar: Double check the cross collar is laying smoothly and comfortably against your neck.

Step-by-Step Guide: Wearing a Tang Suit

The Tang suit is known for its ease of wear, but still requires attention to detail. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. Preparation:

   • Undergarments: Choose a light undergarment. A simple t-shirt and shorts will work as a base, depending on the style of Tang suit.
   • Hair and Makeup: Style your hair and makeup in a manner that matches the occasion.

2. Putting on the Tang Suit:

   • Put on the Top: Simply slip on the top (typically a jacket style). Align the shoulders of the suit to your own.
   • Fasten Buttons or Knots: Fasten the buttons or frog closures down the front. If there are any side ties, secure those as well.
   • Put on the Pants: Slip into the coordinating pants. Secure with any buttons or strings provided.

3. Adjust and Style:

   • Check the Fit: Make sure the suit fits comfortably. The Tang suit should be somewhat loose-fitting.
   • Adjust the Collar: Ensure the Mandarin collar sits properly. It shouldn’t be too tight or too loose.
   • Check the Sleeves: The sleeves should fall naturally. Check to make sure they aren’t twisted or bunching.

Step-by-Step Guide: Wearing a Magua

The Magua is an outer layer designed to be worn over other clothing. Here’s how to wear it properly:

1. Preparation:

   • Base Outfit: Ensure you’re already wearing your base outfit, which can be a qipao, Hanfu, or even a simpler top and skirt/pants combination.

2. Putting on the Magua:

   • Slip It On: Like a jacket, slip your arms through the sleeves of the Magua.
   • Align the Shoulders: Make sure the shoulders of the Magua align with your own.
   • Fasten the Front: Fasten the front closure if there are any. It may feature buttons, ties, or a hook and eye.

3. Adjust and Style:

   • Check the Fit: Ensure the Magua fits comfortably over your base outfit. It should not feel too tight, but also shouldn’t be hanging too loosely.
   • Adjust the Collar: Check the Mandarin collar, and make sure it’s sitting properly.

Tips for Styling and Accessorizing

The right accessories and styling choices can elevate your look. Here are some essential tips:

• Footwear:

  • Qipao: Opt for elegant heels or dressy flats that complement the sophistication of the dress. Avoid chunky or sporty shoes.
  • Hanfu: Traditional shoes like embroidered flats or historically inspired boots are ideal. Avoid modern and casual footwear.
  • Tang Suit: Comfortable formal shoes or well-made dress boots work best.

• Jewelry:

  • Qipao: Delicate earrings, a subtle necklace, and a beautiful bracelet can add an extra touch of elegance. Pearl jewelry is a classic choice. Avoid overly flashy or clunky jewelry.
  • Hanfu: Consider traditional hairpins, jade jewelry, and subtle pendants. Avoid modern or overly bold pieces that clash with the historical aesthetic.
  • Tang Suit: Consider jade pendants or rings, and classic tie bars or cufflinks.

• Handbags:

  • Qipao: Choose a small clutch or a delicate handbag that complements the dress’s color and fabric.
  • Hanfu: Small, embroidered pouches or simple handbags are appropriate.
  • Tang Suit: Opt for sleek leather briefcases or messenger bags.

• Hair Accessories:

  • Qipao: Use decorative hair combs, clips, or headbands to complement your hairstyle.
  • Hanfu: Choose ornate hairpins, floral hair accessories, or traditional headbands.

• Makeup:

  • Keep your makeup elegant and classic. A red lip is a popular choice for qipao, while softer looks often work best with Hanfu. Use makeup to complement the dress’s colors.

Caring for Your Traditional Chinese Dress

Proper care is essential to maintaining the beauty and longevity of your traditional Chinese dress. Here are some care guidelines:

• Cleaning:

  • Qipao/Hanfu: Dry cleaning is highly recommended, especially for silk or embroidered pieces. For minor stains, spot clean gently with cold water and mild detergent. Hand washing may be suitable for some fabrics, but always test a small area first.
  • Tang Suit: Many Tang suits can be hand washed, but check the care label. Dry cleaning is always a safe bet, especially for finer fabrics.
  • Magua: Follow similar dry cleaning or hand washing care guidelines as for Qipao.

• Storage:

  • Hang dresses on padded hangers to prevent stretching or misshaping. Cover delicate garments with garment bags. Store away from direct sunlight to prevent fading.

• Ironing/Steaming:

  • Always use a low heat setting when ironing. Use a pressing cloth between the iron and the fabric to protect it. Steaming is often a gentler alternative.

Conclusion

Wearing a traditional Chinese dress is a wonderful way to celebrate and appreciate Chinese culture. By following these detailed steps and styling tips, you can confidently wear these beautiful garments and honor their rich history. Remember that each garment is a work of art, and proper care will ensure its beauty endures for years to come. Embrace the elegance and heritage, and enjoy the experience of wearing a piece of Chinese history. Whether you choose a qipao, Hanfu, Tang Suit, or Magua, you are showcasing not only the beauty of the garment but also the deep cultural significance it holds. Now, go forth and make a cultural statement with grace and style!