Mastering the Kickstart: A Comprehensive Guide on How to Start a Moped

The satisfying rumble of a moped coming to life is a sound many riders cherish. However, for beginners, the process of starting a moped can seem daunting. Unlike modern scooters with their convenient electric starts, many classic and some modern mopeds rely on the good old-fashioned kickstart or a combination of kickstart and a starting handle. This comprehensive guide will break down the process step-by-step, ensuring you can confidently fire up your two-wheeled companion. We’ll cover various starting scenarios, troubleshooting tips, and important safety considerations. Whether you’re a first-time owner or just looking to brush up on your skills, this guide is for you.

Understanding Your Moped’s Starting Mechanism

Before we dive into the starting procedure, it’s essential to understand the basic mechanics involved. Most mopeds utilize a small internal combustion engine, typically a two-stroke or four-stroke, which requires a spark, fuel, and air to ignite. The kickstart mechanism is a mechanical lever connected to the engine’s crankshaft. When you kick the lever, you’re essentially rotating the crankshaft, which initiates the engine’s internal processes. Let’s get into the different types and common parts that you may encounter:

Types of Starting Mechanisms

• Kickstart Only: This is the most common type on older mopeds. You’ll need to use your foot to depress the lever to start the engine.
• Kickstart and Starting Handle/Pedals: Some mopeds have both. The handle or pedals can be used to spin the engine and initiate a very weak start. These are mostly a safety feature in case your battery is dead, and usually won’t start your bike by themselves.
• Electric Start (Rare on some older models): Some more recent mopeds have an electric start button, but these tend to be the exception rather than the rule and are usually found on modern scooters or models with additional features like batteries for lighting, etc..

Key Components Involved

• Kickstart Lever: The lever you depress with your foot to start the engine.
• Crankshaft: The rotating shaft within the engine.
• Piston: Moves up and down within the cylinder, compressing the air-fuel mixture.
• Carburetor: Mixes air and fuel.
• Spark Plug: Provides the spark needed to ignite the fuel-air mixture.
• Fuel System: This includes the fuel tank, fuel lines, and fuel filter.
• Ignition System: Generates the spark for combustion.
• Choke (if present): Used to enrich the fuel mixture for cold starts.

Pre-Starting Checks: Essential Steps Before You Kick

Before attempting to start your moped, performing a few pre-start checks can prevent frustration and potential engine problems. Neglecting these can result in a difficult or impossible starting attempt, and possibly even damage your engine. Think of it like a pre-flight check for a plane; these checks are equally important.

1. Fuel Level: Ensure you have enough fuel in the tank. A low fuel level can make starting difficult, even if the tank isn’t entirely empty. Check the fuel gauge or visually inspect the tank.
2. Fuel Valve/Petcock: Most older mopeds have a fuel valve or petcock. Make sure it’s turned to the “ON” or “RESERVE” position (if available). The “OFF” position will cut off the fuel supply and will, obviously, make starting impossible.
3. Engine Kill Switch: Verify that the engine kill switch is in the “ON” or “RUN” position. This switch can also be located on your throttle or hand grips. If it’s in the “OFF” position, you won’t be able to start the moped.
4. Key Position: Ensure the key is in the ignition and turned to the “ON” position. Sometimes this isn’t obvious and can be the reason for many failed start attempts.
5. Neutral Position: Most mopeds should be started in neutral, unless otherwise indicated by the owner’s manual. If you have a multi-gear moped, this is even more important. If you don’t have a neutral light indicator, try to roll the moped back and forth and feel if it’s in neutral.
6. Choke Position (If Applicable): If your moped has a choke, use it. On cold mornings or if your moped has been sitting for some time, this will make a HUGE difference. Move the choke lever to the “ON” position. After the engine starts and runs smoothly, gradually move the choke lever to the “OFF” position.
7. Visual Inspection: Quickly check for any obvious issues, like loose wires or fuel leaks. A brief check can often reveal the problem before you wear your foot out trying to kick it.

Step-by-Step Guide to Starting Your Moped

Now that we’ve covered the essential pre-start checks, let’s get into the step-by-step process of kickstarting your moped. These steps are generic and can work for almost every moped or motorcycle that has a kickstart. Be sure to check your specific make and model’s owner’s manual for any specific steps, safety procedures, or special instructions.

1. Position Yourself Correctly: Stand on the left side of the moped (or the side where the kickstart lever is located). Place the moped on its center stand (if it has one) or ensure it’s securely balanced on its side stand.
2. Find the Compression Point: Gently depress the kickstart lever until you feel resistance. This resistance signifies the piston is approaching the top of its compression stroke. You might need to move the kickstart up and down several times slowly to “find” this point. This step is vital for the engine to start successfully, and is often the cause of failed starts.
3. Prepare for the Kick: Lift your foot off the kickstart lever, then give the lever a quick and solid downward kick, using a smooth motion. Do not kick hesitantly or use just the tip of your foot – using a solid kick with your heel can make a massive difference. Follow through completely, and try not to stop halfway through. Think of it as trying to stomp a bug on the floor.
4. Repeat if Necessary: If the moped doesn’t start on the first attempt, repeat steps 2 and 3. Do not try to kickstart the moped more than three or four times without taking a small break. This can flood the engine (especially if it’s a two-stroke engine). If it does not start after 3-4 tries, you will need to troubleshoot the issue(s) first.
5. Listen to the Engine: If the engine starts, it will sound consistent and smooth (once warmed up). If the engine starts but sounds rough or struggles to maintain idle, make sure your choke is engaged and be ready to give it some throttle. If the engine sounds like it’s trying to start, but won’t, then you might have a fuel or spark issue.
6. Adjust Choke (If Applicable): Once the engine is running smoothly, gradually disengage the choke as the engine warms up. Move the lever from the “ON” position to the “OFF” position over the course of a minute or two.
7. Let it Warm Up: Allow the engine to idle for a few minutes before riding. This allows the engine oil to circulate and ensures smooth operation. If you do not allow the engine to warm up, you run the risk of damaging it, and it may also stall while you’re trying to ride.

Troubleshooting Common Starting Problems

Even with the best techniques, you might occasionally encounter issues starting your moped. Here are some common problems and their solutions:

• Moped Won’t Start:
  • Check the basics: Make sure the kill switch is off, the key is on, and you have fuel.
  • Check spark: Inspect the spark plug. If it’s wet, you may have flooded the engine. You should remove it, let it dry out, and try again. If it is dry, check if the plug is still in good condition and has the correct gap, per the manufacturer’s recommendations. If not, change the plug.
  • Check Fuel: If you suspect a fuel delivery issue (such as a clogged fuel filter) take a small amount of fuel and put it directly into the carburetor. If the bike starts up when doing this, it is indicative of a clog in the fuel system. Be careful not to get the fuel on any hot parts of the engine.
  • Check Compression: If you have a compression tester, you can test the compression. If compression is low, it indicates an internal engine issue, which may be more difficult to fix on your own. This could be something like worn piston rings or a burnt valve.
• Engine Starts but Stalls Immediately:
  • Choke: Ensure the choke is being used if the engine is cold.
  • Fuel Mixture: The air/fuel mixture may be too lean or too rich. This may require adjusting your carburetor.
  • Spark Issues: Problems with the spark plug, ignition coil, or related components could also be the cause of this problem.
• Hard to Kick:
  • Compression: If you find it unusually hard to kick the bike, you may have excess pressure in the cylinder. If the plug is not in the engine, you will notice that it becomes extremely easy to kick, this is due to the cylinder not being able to hold compression.
  • Kickstart Mechanism: If it is simply stuck, you may need to inspect the internal mechanism of the kickstart. If the mechanism feels “loose” and doesn’t catch at all, it will need to be repaired, as you will not be able to start the bike.
• Flooded Engine:
  • Wait it Out: Wait 10-15 minutes and try starting it again, without giving the throttle any input. A flooded engine usually indicates too much fuel, and waiting will allow it to evaporate.
  • Open the Throttle: If you have a two-stroke bike, sometimes opening the throttle fully while kicking can help clear a flooded engine. Be careful to not give it gas while you’re kicking after the bike starts, or you will stall it out.

Important Safety Tips

Safety should always be a priority when operating a moped. Here are some crucial safety considerations:

• Protective Gear: Always wear a helmet, gloves, eye protection, and protective clothing.
• Pre-Ride Checks: Regularly inspect your moped before each ride. Check brakes, tire pressure, lights, and fuel level.
• Familiarize Yourself: Read your owner’s manual to familiarize yourself with your bike’s specific starting procedures, maintenance, and safety guidelines.
• Traffic Laws: Understand and adhere to all local traffic laws and regulations for mopeds.
• Practice: Before hitting the road, practice starting and controlling your moped in a safe, open area.
• Be Aware: Always be aware of your surroundings and potential hazards. Watch out for road hazards, vehicles, and pedestrians.
• Maintenance: Ensure your moped is properly maintained, with regular oil changes, brake adjustments, and overall upkeep.

Conclusion

Starting a moped may seem tricky at first, but with patience and practice, you’ll soon become proficient. Remember to follow the steps outlined, troubleshoot common issues, and always prioritize safety. With a little effort, you can confidently enjoy the open road on your two-wheeled companion. Happy riding!