Introduction:
A running toilet is not just an annoying sound; it’s a silent money drainer. While most homeowners are familiar with fixing standard tank toilets, flushometer toilets (the kind you often see in commercial restrooms) can seem intimidating. However, with a little know-how and the right tools, you can diagnose and fix a running flushometer toilet yourself. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process step-by-step, saving you money on plumber bills and conserving water.
Understanding Flushometer Toilets:
Before diving into repairs, it’s crucial to understand how flushometer toilets work. Unlike tank toilets that rely on gravity, flushometer toilets use direct water pressure from the supply line. When you activate the handle, it releases a pre-measured amount of water to flush the bowl. The key components of a flushometer include:
* **Stop Valve:** Controls the water supply to the flushometer.
* **Vacuum Breaker:** Prevents back-siphonage of contaminated water into the water supply.
* **Control Stop:** Allows fine-tuning of the water flow and pressure.
* **Flush Valve Diaphragm (or Piston):** The heart of the flushometer, this component regulates the flow of water during the flush cycle. It’s often the culprit behind running toilets.
* **Relief Valve:** This is usually part of the diaphragm assembly, and it plays a critical role in sealing the main valve.
* **Handle:** Activates the flushing mechanism.
Why is Your Flushometer Running?
A running flushometer toilet usually indicates a problem with the diaphragm or the components surrounding it. Here are the most common causes:
* **Worn or Damaged Diaphragm:** Over time, the rubber diaphragm can become brittle, cracked, or distorted, preventing a proper seal.
* **Debris or Mineral Buildup:** Dirt, sediment, and mineral deposits can accumulate on the diaphragm or valve seat, interfering with the sealing mechanism.
* **Damaged or Worn Relief Valve:** A faulty relief valve within the diaphragm assembly can cause continuous water flow.
* **Incorrect Water Pressure:** Too high or too low water pressure can affect the flushometer’s performance.
* **Damaged or Loose Parts:** Other components, such as the vacuum breaker or control stop, can sometimes contribute to the problem.
Tools and Materials You’ll Need:
Before you start, gather the necessary tools and materials:
* **Screwdrivers (Phillips and Flathead):** For removing and tightening screws.
* **Adjustable Wrench:** For loosening and tightening fittings.
* **Pliers:** For gripping and manipulating small parts.
* **Bucket:** To catch excess water.
* **Clean Rags or Towels:** For wiping up spills and cleaning parts.
* **Replacement Diaphragm Kit:** Purchase a kit compatible with your flushometer model. (Bring the model number when buying.)
* **Small Brush or Scrub Pad:** For cleaning the valve seat.
* **Vinegar or Mild Descaling Solution:** To remove mineral deposits.
* **Plumber’s Grease (optional):** For lubricating parts during reassembly.
* **Safety Glasses:** To protect your eyes.
* **Gloves:** To keep your hands clean.
Step-by-Step Guide to Fixing a Running Flushometer Toilet:
**Step 1: Turn Off the Water Supply**
Locate the stop valve (usually a small valve near the flushometer) and turn it clockwise to shut off the water supply. This is crucial to prevent flooding during the repair process.
**Step 2: Flush the Toilet (Optional, but Recommended)**
After turning off the water, flush the toilet to relieve any remaining pressure in the system. This will make disassembly easier and safer.
**Step 3: Remove the Flushometer Cover**
The flushometer usually has a cover or housing that needs to be removed to access the internal components. The cover is typically held in place by screws or a threaded connection. Use the appropriate screwdriver to remove the screws or unscrew the cover. Be careful not to strip the screws.
**Step 4: Disassemble the Flushometer**
This is where things can get a bit tricky, as flushometer designs can vary slightly. However, the basic principles are the same:
1. **Remove the Handle Assembly:** The handle is usually held in place by a nut or screw. Loosen the nut or remove the screw and carefully detach the handle assembly. Note how the handle connects to the internal mechanism, as you’ll need to reassemble it later.
2. **Remove the Internal Components:** Once the handle is removed, you’ll have access to the internal components, including the diaphragm, relief valve, and other related parts. Carefully remove these components, paying close attention to their order and orientation. Taking pictures as you disassemble can be extremely helpful for reassembly. If you are unsure about how any part connects, take pictures or write down how they connect to make reassembly easier.
**Step 5: Inspect the Diaphragm and Relief Valve**
Carefully examine the diaphragm for any signs of wear, damage, or distortion. Look for cracks, tears, or areas where the rubber has become brittle. Inspect the relief valve for damage or debris. If either the diaphragm or relief valve is damaged, it needs to be replaced.
**Step 6: Clean the Valve Seat and Other Components**
Use a small brush or scrub pad to clean the valve seat where the diaphragm seals. Remove any dirt, sediment, or mineral deposits that may be interfering with the seal. You can use vinegar or a mild descaling solution to help loosen stubborn deposits. Rinse all the components thoroughly with clean water and dry them with a clean rag.
**Step 7: Replace the Diaphragm and Relief Valve (if necessary)**
If the diaphragm or relief valve is damaged, replace it with a new one from the replacement kit. Make sure you are using the correct parts for your flushometer model. Follow the instructions provided with the replacement kit. The new diaphragm will often be lightly lubricated; if not, apply a small amount of plumber’s grease to the sealing surfaces.
**Step 8: Reassemble the Flushometer**
Carefully reassemble the flushometer components in the reverse order of disassembly. Refer to the pictures or notes you took earlier to ensure that everything is in the correct position. Make sure all the parts are properly aligned and securely tightened.
1. **Reinstall the Internal Components:** Carefully reinsert the internal components, including the diaphragm, relief valve, and any other related parts. Ensure that they are properly seated and aligned.
2. **Reattach the Handle Assembly:** Reattach the handle assembly and tighten the nut or screw that holds it in place. Make sure the handle moves freely and engages the flushing mechanism correctly.
**Step 9: Reinstall the Flushometer Cover**
Reinstall the flushometer cover and secure it with the screws or threaded connection. Make sure the cover is properly aligned and tightened to prevent leaks.
**Step 10: Turn On the Water Supply**
Slowly turn the stop valve counterclockwise to turn on the water supply. Watch for any leaks around the flushometer connections.
**Step 11: Test the Flushometer**
Flush the toilet several times to test the repair. Observe the flush cycle and make sure the toilet is flushing properly and that there are no leaks or running water.
**Step 12: Adjust the Control Stop (If Needed)**
If the flush is too weak or too strong, you can adjust the control stop. Use an adjustable wrench to slightly open or close the control stop until you achieve the desired flush performance. Turn it a little at a time and flush the toilet to check the new setting. Do not turn the control stop too far, as this can damage the valve.
Troubleshooting Tips:
* **Toilet Still Runs After Replacing Diaphragm:** If the toilet continues to run after replacing the diaphragm, double-check that the valve seat is clean and free of debris. Also, ensure that the diaphragm is properly seated and that all the connections are tight. Consider the pressure being too high.
* **Weak Flush:** A weak flush can be caused by low water pressure or a partially blocked diaphragm. Check the water pressure and clean the diaphragm and valve seat.
* **Leaks Around Connections:** Leaks around the connections can be caused by loose fittings or damaged seals. Tighten the fittings or replace the seals as needed.
* **Vacuum Breaker Leaking:** If the vacuum breaker is leaking, it may be cracked or damaged and need to be replaced. This is a common issue, especially in areas with hard water.
Preventive Maintenance:
To prevent future problems with your flushometer toilet, consider the following:
* **Regular Cleaning:** Periodically clean the flushometer components, including the diaphragm and valve seat, to remove dirt, sediment, and mineral deposits.
* **Water Softener:** If you have hard water, consider installing a water softener to reduce mineral buildup in your plumbing system.
* **Check Water Pressure:** Monitor your water pressure to ensure it is within the recommended range for your flushometer model.
* **Replace Diaphragm Regularly:** Replace the diaphragm every few years, even if it doesn’t appear to be damaged, as preventive maintenance.
When to Call a Plumber:
While many flushometer toilet problems can be fixed with DIY repairs, there are situations where it’s best to call a plumber:
* **You’re Not Comfortable with the Repair:** If you’re not comfortable disassembling and reassembling the flushometer, it’s best to leave it to a professional.
* **You Can’t Identify the Problem:** If you’ve tried troubleshooting the problem and you’re still not sure what’s causing the toilet to run, a plumber can diagnose the issue and recommend the appropriate solution.
* **You Encounter Major Problems:** If you encounter major problems during the repair process, such as stripped screws, damaged pipes, or broken components, it’s best to call a plumber.
* **The Problem Persists:** If you’ve tried all the DIY repairs and the toilet is still running, there may be a more complex underlying issue that requires professional attention.
Choosing the Right Replacement Parts:
When replacing parts in your flushometer, it’s crucial to use the correct parts for your specific model. Using the wrong parts can lead to further problems and damage. Here’s how to ensure you choose the right replacement parts:
* **Identify Your Flushometer Model:** Locate the model number on the flushometer. It’s usually located on the body of the unit or on a sticker.
* **Consult the Manufacturer’s Website:** Visit the manufacturer’s website and use the model number to find the correct replacement parts.
* **Visit a Plumbing Supply Store:** Take the model number and the old parts with you to a plumbing supply store. The staff can help you find the correct replacements.
* **Purchase a Complete Repair Kit:** Consider purchasing a complete repair kit that includes all the necessary replacement parts for your flushometer model. This can save you time and money in the long run.
Understanding Water Pressure and Its Impact:
Water pressure plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of a flushometer toilet. Too much or too little water pressure can cause problems such as running toilets, weak flushes, and leaks. Here’s what you need to know about water pressure:
* **Recommended Water Pressure:** The recommended water pressure for most flushometer toilets is between 25 and 80 PSI (pounds per square inch).
* **Checking Water Pressure:** You can check your water pressure using a water pressure gauge, which can be purchased at most hardware stores. Attach the gauge to an outdoor faucet and turn on the water. The gauge will display the water pressure.
* **Adjusting Water Pressure:** If your water pressure is too high, you can install a pressure reducing valve (PRV) on your main water line to lower the pressure. If your water pressure is too low, you may need to install a booster pump to increase the pressure.
Dealing with Hard Water:
Hard water contains high levels of minerals such as calcium and magnesium. These minerals can cause buildup in your plumbing system, including your flushometer toilet. Hard water can lead to problems such as:
* **Mineral Deposits:** Mineral deposits can accumulate on the diaphragm, valve seat, and other components, interfering with their proper functioning.
* **Reduced Water Flow:** Mineral buildup can restrict water flow, leading to weak flushes.
* **Damaged Components:** Hard water can corrode and damage the flushometer components over time.
To mitigate the effects of hard water, consider the following:
* **Install a Water Softener:** A water softener removes minerals from the water, preventing buildup in your plumbing system.
* **Use a Descaling Solution:** Periodically use a descaling solution to remove mineral deposits from the flushometer components.
* **Regular Cleaning:** Clean the flushometer components regularly to prevent mineral buildup.
Eco-Friendly Flushing:
Conserving water is essential for protecting our environment. Here are some tips for eco-friendly flushing with your flushometer toilet:
* **Use the Correct Flush Volume:** Some flushometer toilets have adjustable flush volumes. Use the lowest flush volume that is sufficient to clear the bowl.
* **Fix Leaks Promptly:** Repair any leaks in your flushometer toilet as soon as possible to prevent water waste.
* **Consider Dual-Flush Models:** When replacing your flushometer toilet, consider a dual-flush model that allows you to choose between a full flush and a half flush.
Safety Precautions:
When working with plumbing, it’s important to take certain safety precautions to protect yourself from injury:
* **Turn Off the Water Supply:** Always turn off the water supply before working on any plumbing fixture.
* **Wear Safety Glasses:** Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from debris and splashes.
* **Wear Gloves:** Wear gloves to protect your hands from dirt, bacteria, and harsh chemicals.
* **Avoid Electrical Hazards:** Be careful to avoid electrical hazards when working near water pipes.
* **Follow Instructions:** Follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the flushometer and any replacement parts.
Conclusion:
Fixing a running flushometer toilet may seem daunting at first, but with the right knowledge and tools, it’s a manageable DIY project. By understanding the components of a flushometer, identifying the cause of the problem, and following the step-by-step instructions outlined in this guide, you can save money on plumber bills and conserve water. Remember to take safety precautions and consult a plumber if you’re not comfortable with the repair or if you encounter major problems. Regular maintenance and preventive measures can help prevent future problems and ensure the longevity of your flushometer toilet. Good luck!