The Comprehensive Guide to Buying Prairie Dogs: Everything You Need to Know

Prairie dogs, with their charismatic nature and fascinating social structures, have captured the hearts of many. If you’re considering welcoming these captivating creatures into your home, it’s crucial to approach the process with a well-researched plan. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of everything you need to know before, during, and after buying a prairie dog.

Before You Buy: Critical Considerations

Bringing a prairie dog home is a significant decision that requires careful consideration and research. These are not low-maintenance pets, and their specific needs must be met to ensure their health and well-being. Ignoring these essential aspects can lead to stress for both you and your new companion.

1. Legality and Permits

Before anything else, you must confirm the legality of owning a prairie dog in your state, county, and city. Regulations regarding exotic pets, including prairie dogs, vary considerably. Some areas completely prohibit ownership, while others may require special permits. Contact your local animal control or relevant state department (e.g., Department of Agriculture, Department of Natural Resources) to obtain the most current information. Owning a prairie dog illegally can result in hefty fines or even confiscation of the animal.

Furthermore, research whether you need a permit. Permits often involve background checks, demonstrating suitable housing, and an understanding of prairie dog care. Being prepared with this information before contacting breeders is essential.

2. Commitment and Lifespan

Prairie dogs have a relatively long lifespan, typically living between 8 to 10 years in captivity. This is a significant commitment, and you need to be prepared to provide care for the duration of their life. Consider your lifestyle, future plans, and whether you can accommodate a prairie dog for this amount of time. Are you likely to move in the next few years? Are you prepared to provide daily care even if your life circumstances change? These are crucial questions to honestly answer.

3. Understanding Their Social Needs

Prairie dogs are highly social animals. In the wild, they live in large colonies and thrive on interaction. Therefore, keeping just one prairie dog may lead to loneliness and depression. Ideally, they should be kept in pairs or small groups. This means you will need sufficient space and resources for multiple animals. Keeping them single should be an absolute last resort, and even then you will need to be prepared to spend hours every day interacting with them. Having another prairie dog, even if they aren’t in the same enclosure, will be better for them.

4. Space and Enclosure Requirements

Prairie dogs are active creatures that require ample space to run, play, and dig. A small cage will not suffice. An indoor enclosure should be large, ideally several levels high with a solid floor, or if it is a cage, ensure the mesh is small enough that their feet won’t slip through. If you have the space, an outdoor enclosure can be a good alternative as well. The enclosure needs to be large enough to comfortably accommodate several prairie dogs, multiple nesting boxes, food and water dishes, and plenty of toys and enrichment items. This space should also be safe and predator-proof to protect your pet from harm. They will also require plenty of safe digging materials such as paper or wood shavings.

5. Diet and Nutritional Needs

Prairie dogs are herbivores, and their diet must be carefully managed to ensure proper health. A primary staple of their diet is a high-quality grass hay, such as timothy hay. This should be available at all times. They also need a balanced mix of commercial prairie dog pellets and fresh vegetables. The diet is very similar to that of rabbits and other rodents. Avoid high sugar snacks and be sure to do extensive research to understand their specific dietary requirements. Some foods that are toxic for other animals (including humans) may also be toxic for prairie dogs. A vet should be consulted to help plan the diet.

6. Veterinary Care

Finding a veterinarian experienced in treating exotic animals, especially prairie dogs, is essential. Routine check-ups are crucial to detect any potential health issues early on. Be prepared for the possibility of unexpected vet bills, as exotic animal care can often be more expensive than the care of more common pets. Research veterinarians in your area and confirm they treat prairie dogs before you bring one home.

7. Time Commitment

Prairie dogs require a significant amount of daily attention. This includes feeding, cleaning their enclosure, providing enrichment, and interaction. These are not the kind of pet that you can leave alone all day, every day. Be sure that you will have enough time to care for them properly every day. You will have to make time for them regardless of your schedule and life style. Neglecting this will harm their physical and mental well being.

8. Allergies

Before you buy a prairie dog, spend time around one to determine if you have any allergies. Exposure to their dander, hay, or bedding can trigger allergic reactions in some individuals. If you have allergies, be certain you’re comfortable with managing the symptoms. An allergy test beforehand could be a good idea as well. Consider your family members as well. Some allergies may take several months to manifest, so you should be prepared to possibly have to rehome them if your allergies become unbearable.

9. Financial Considerations

Owning a prairie dog involves more than just the initial purchase price. You need to factor in the cost of a large enclosure, food, bedding, toys, vet visits, and other necessary supplies. Be prepared to budget for these expenses on an ongoing basis.

Finding a Reputable Breeder or Rescue

Once you’ve carefully considered all the above aspects and decided you are ready to buy a prairie dog, the next step is finding a reputable source. There are two main options: breeders and rescues.

1. Research Breeders Thoroughly

If you choose to go through a breeder, do your due diligence. Here’s how to find a reputable one:

• Check for Experience: Look for breeders who have years of experience raising prairie dogs and can demonstrate a deep understanding of their needs. A good breeder should be knowledgeable and willing to answer all your questions about care, diet, and health.
• Visit the Facility: If possible, visit the breeder’s facility. Look for clean and spacious enclosures that are appropriate for prairie dogs. The animals should appear healthy, active, and alert. The facility should not have a foul odor.
• Ask Questions: Don’t hesitate to ask the breeder questions about their breeding practices, health testing, and the lineage of their animals. A reputable breeder should be open and transparent. Do not be afraid to ask any questions no matter how insignificant they may feel.
• Request References: Ask for references from past clients and contact them to get their feedback on their experience with the breeder.
• Health Guarantees: Look for a breeder who offers a health guarantee for their animals. This indicates they are confident in their breeding stock.
• Avoid Puppy Mills: Be extremely wary of breeders who appear to be mass-producing prairie dogs with little care for their health or well-being. Avoid purchasing from any breeder who won’t let you view their facilities.
• Price Shopping: Beware of prices that are too good to be true, as they may indicate substandard care. Cheaper prairie dogs are not necessarily better and are likely to have been ill cared for and poorly bred.

2. Consider Adoption

Adopting a prairie dog is often a wonderful way to provide a loving home to an animal in need. Check with local animal shelters, exotic pet rescues, and online adoption platforms. Adopting can also be cheaper than buying from a breeder, and allows you to give an animal a second chance. However, adopted prairie dogs may require more care or have some behavioral issues. Be prepared for the extra work that may be involved in working with a rescue animal. Here are some steps to consider before adopting:

• Research the Animal’s History: If possible, gather as much information about the animal’s history as possible. Ask why they were given up, if they have a history of illness or injuries, and how they behave.
• Spend Time with Them: Try to spend some time with the animal before committing to adopting. This will help you gauge their temperament and make sure they’re a good fit for your family.
• Be Patient: Rescued animals can take some time to adjust to their new home. Be patient, understanding, and provide a safe and comfortable environment.
• Be Prepared for Health and Behavioral Issues: Understand that some rescue prairie dogs may come with health or behavioral issues that need to be addressed. Consider if you are equipped to take on these challenges.

Steps to Buying a Prairie Dog

Once you’ve found a reputable source, here are the steps to follow when buying a prairie dog:

1. Initial Contact

Reach out to the breeder or rescue. Inquire about available animals and ask any remaining questions you may have about their care. This is the time to confirm pricing and ask about any deposits that may be needed.

2. Arrange a Meeting

Schedule a meeting to see the prairie dog(s) you’re interested in. Take this opportunity to get a close look at the animal and assess its overall health and temperament. Also use this time to look for any signs of illness or injury, such as lethargy, unusual discharge, patchy fur or hair loss.

3. Health Check

If possible, request a health check from a qualified veterinarian before making the purchase. This will help ensure you are bringing home a healthy animal and save you from dealing with costly medical bills soon after you get it.

4. Review the Contract

If you’re buying from a breeder, carefully review the purchase contract, which should include the breeder’s health guarantee and any other specific terms and conditions. Never sign a contract without completely understanding it.

5. Finalize the Purchase

Once you’re satisfied with the animal and the contract, finalize the purchase and take your new prairie dog home. Prepare its enclosure ahead of time and be ready to receive them.

Preparing for Your New Prairie Dog

Before you bring your new prairie dog home, it’s essential to prepare their living environment to ensure a smooth transition. Here’s what you need to do:

1. Enclosure Setup

• Location: Choose a safe and quiet location in your home, away from direct sunlight and drafts.
• Size: The enclosure should be large enough for comfortable movement and have several levels.
• Floor: Use a solid floor to prevent injury to their feet. If using wire mesh, make sure it’s coated or has small enough holes that their feet won’t get caught.
• Digging Space: Provide a large, deep area filled with safe digging material like paper bedding, wood shavings, or coconut fiber.
• Nesting Boxes: Include several nesting boxes, providing safe hiding and sleeping spaces.
• Water: Provide water in a heavy ceramic bowl or a sipper bottle.
• Food Dishes: Use a separate food dish for pellets, vegetables, and hay.
• Enrichment: Provide toys such as chew toys, tunnels, and puzzle toys to keep them engaged and mentally stimulated.

2. Initial Integration

• Quiet Time: Give your new prairie dog some quiet time to adjust to their new environment.
• Observation: Observe your pet for any signs of stress or illness, such as lethargy, lack of appetite, or unusual behavior.
• Gradual Interaction: Interact with your prairie dog gradually, starting with short and quiet sessions.
• Patience: It may take several days or even weeks for a prairie dog to adjust to their new home.

3. Ongoing Care

• Daily Feeding: Provide fresh hay, pellets, and vegetables daily.
• Enclosure Cleaning: Spot clean the enclosure daily and do a complete cleaning at least once a week.
• Enrichment: Provide plenty of enrichment to prevent boredom. Rotate toys to keep them interesting.
• Socialization: If you have multiple prairie dogs, be certain they are interacting regularly. If you only have one, you will need to be its primary source of socialization.
• Regular Vet Visits: Schedule regular check-ups with a veterinarian experienced in treating prairie dogs.

Common Challenges with Prairie Dogs

Prairie dogs can be wonderful pets but are not without their challenges. Be aware of the following:

1. Digging

Prairie dogs have a natural instinct to dig. This can be problematic if they are not provided with an appropriate digging area. They may try to dig in carpets, furniture, or even your yard if you let them out. Be prepared to manage their digging behaviors. This can be done through adequate digging boxes, or keeping them in a secured area where they won’t be able to cause unwanted damage.

2. Biting

While not inherently aggressive, prairie dogs can bite if they feel threatened or frightened. Proper handling techniques and socialization can help minimize this behavior. The younger they are, the more likely they will be to bite if improperly handled. Handle them gently and be patient with them. They may also nip as part of play and socialization amongst themselves, but bites should be discouraged.

3. Noise

Prairie dogs are vocal animals and can make various sounds, including barks, chirps, and squeaks. If you live in an apartment or have neighbors, be aware of the potential noise. This is why it is better to have two or more, so they can vocalize amongst themselves rather than needing to vocalize to you.

4. Potential for Disease

Like any pet, prairie dogs can be susceptible to certain diseases. Regular vet care and proper husbandry can help prevent and manage potential health problems. Always thoroughly wash your hands after interacting with them. The most significant potential issue is plague, which they are susceptible to getting from fleas. A flea preventative should be part of their annual vet care program.

Conclusion

Buying a prairie dog is a significant undertaking that requires careful planning, preparation, and a strong commitment to their well-being. By understanding their unique needs and providing proper care, you can enjoy the companionship and charm of these fascinating animals for many years to come. Remember to prioritize their health, happiness, and social needs at every step of the way. Responsible pet ownership involves a willingness to dedicate the resources and time required to ensure a happy and healthy life for your prairie dog.

If you decide to move forward with buying a prairie dog, take this guide into consideration to make sure you are fully prepared to take responsibility for this animal. Having a prairie dog can be incredibly rewarding, but only with the right care, love and understanding.