The Ultimate Guide to Wearing a Traditional Chinese Dress: From Qipao to Hanfu
Traditional Chinese dresses are breathtakingly beautiful and rich in history and cultural significance. Wearing one is a wonderful way to connect with Chinese heritage, celebrate special occasions, or simply express your unique style. However, navigating the world of traditional Chinese attire can be daunting. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the different types of dresses, how to choose the right one for you, and provide detailed steps on how to wear them with grace and authenticity.
## Understanding the Different Types of Traditional Chinese Dresses
Before diving into the how-to, it’s crucial to understand the main types of traditional Chinese dresses. Each has its own distinct history, style, and appropriate occasions for wear.
* **Qipao (Cheongsam):** Perhaps the most well-known Chinese dress, the qipao is a close-fitting, one-piece dress with a high neck and typically a slit skirt. It emerged in the 1920s in Shanghai and evolved from Manchu aristocratic dress. The qipao emphasizes the wearer’s silhouette and comes in various lengths, fabrics, and embellishments. It’s often worn for formal events, weddings, and special occasions.
* **Hanfu:** Hanfu refers to the historical dress of the Han Chinese people, predating the Qing Dynasty. It encompasses a wide variety of styles worn throughout different dynasties. Common features include flowing robes, wide sleeves, and often multiple layers. Hanfu is experiencing a resurgence in popularity and is worn for cultural events, historical reenactments, and personal expression.
* **Changshan:** The changshan is a traditional men’s gown, often made of silk or brocade. It features a mandarin collar, side slits, and intricate embroidery. While traditionally male attire, modernized versions are sometimes worn by women for formal occasions.
* **Magua:** A short, sleeveless or three-quarter sleeved jacket worn over a changshan or other attire. It was a popular garment during the Qing Dynasty.
* **Ao Dai (While technically Vietnamese, it shares strong historical ties and influences with Chinese clothing):** Although primarily associated with Vietnam, the Ao Dai shares historical influences with Chinese clothing, particularly the qipao. It’s a long, split tunic worn over pants and is considered the national garment of Vietnam.
## Choosing the Right Traditional Chinese Dress for You
Selecting the perfect traditional Chinese dress involves several considerations:
* **Occasion:** The formality of the event is a key factor. A qipao in silk or brocade is suitable for a formal wedding, while a simpler cotton or linen hanfu might be appropriate for a cultural festival. For casual events or everyday wear, consider modernized versions of hanfu or qipao.
* **Body Type:** Different styles flatter different body types. Qipaos can accentuate curves, while hanfu drapes more loosely. Experiment with different silhouettes to find what makes you feel most confident and comfortable. For example, an A-line qipao can be more forgiving than a tightly fitted one.
* **Personal Style:** Choose a dress that reflects your personal taste and preferences. Consider the color, fabric, embroidery, and overall design. Do you prefer bold, vibrant colors or subtle, elegant patterns?
* **Fabric:** The fabric influences the dress’s drape, texture, and overall appearance. Silk is luxurious and elegant, while cotton is more casual and comfortable. Brocade adds richness and texture, while linen is breathable and lightweight. Consider the climate and season when choosing a fabric.
* **Color:** Colors hold symbolic meaning in Chinese culture. Red represents luck and prosperity, while gold signifies wealth and status. White is associated with mourning, so it’s generally avoided for celebratory occasions. However, these are general guidelines, and you can choose colors that you personally enjoy and find flattering.
* **Embroidery and Embellishments:** Embroidery and embellishments add intricate detail and visual interest. Common motifs include dragons, phoenixes, flowers, and auspicious symbols. Consider the meaning and significance of the embellishments when making your choice.
* **Budget:** Traditional Chinese dresses can range in price from affordable to extremely expensive, depending on the fabric, craftsmanship, and design. Set a budget before you start shopping to avoid overspending.
## Detailed Steps on How to Wear a Qipao (Cheongsam)
The qipao is a figure-hugging dress that requires careful attention to detail for a perfect fit and elegant look.
**1. Choosing the Right Size:**
* **Accurate Measurements:** The most crucial step is to get accurate measurements. Measure your bust, waist, and hips with a soft measuring tape. It’s best to have someone help you to ensure accuracy.
* **Size Charts:** Consult the size chart provided by the designer or retailer. Qipao sizes can vary, so don’t rely on your usual dress size. Pay close attention to the measurements listed on the chart.
* **Consider the Fabric:** If the qipao is made of a non-stretch fabric like silk brocade, it’s essential to choose a size that allows for comfortable movement. If the fabric has some stretch, you can opt for a slightly more fitted size.
* **Professional Alterations:** If you’re unsure about the size or if the qipao doesn’t fit perfectly, consider getting it professionally altered. A skilled tailor can adjust the dress to flatter your figure.
**2. Undergarments:**
* **Seamless Underwear:** Choose seamless underwear in a color that matches your skin tone to avoid visible panty lines.
* **Shapewear (Optional):** Shapewear can help create a smoother silhouette and enhance your curves. Choose shapewear that is comfortable and doesn’t restrict your movement.
* **Bras:** Wear a supportive bra that provides lift and shaping. A strapless bra or a bra with convertible straps may be necessary depending on the neckline of the qipao.
**3. Putting on the Qipao:**
* **Step into the Dress:** Gently step into the qipao and pull it up over your hips and bust.
* **Fasten the Buttons or Zippers:** Most qipaos have buttons or zippers along the side, back, or neckline. Fasten them carefully, starting from the bottom and working your way up.
* **Adjust the Fit:** Once the qipao is on, adjust the fit to ensure it’s comfortable and flattering. Make sure the seams are aligned and the dress is sitting properly on your shoulders.
**4. Posture and Poise:**
* **Stand Tall:** Maintain good posture by standing tall with your shoulders back and your head held high. This will enhance the elegance of the qipao and improve your overall appearance.
* **Walk with Grace:** Take small, deliberate steps when walking in a qipao. Avoid slouching or shuffling your feet.
* **Sit with Elegance:** When sitting, keep your knees together and your back straight. Avoid crossing your legs too high, as this can disrupt the silhouette of the dress.
**5. Accessories:**
* **Shoes:** Choose shoes that complement the qipao and the occasion. High heels are a popular choice for formal events, while flats or sandals may be more appropriate for casual occasions.
* **Jewelry:** Simple and elegant jewelry is the best choice for accessorizing a qipao. Consider a delicate necklace, earrings, or a bracelet. Avoid wearing too much jewelry, as it can detract from the beauty of the dress.
* **Clutch:** A small clutch or handbag is a practical and stylish accessory. Choose a clutch that complements the color and style of the qipao.
* **Hair Accessories:** Hair accessories can add a touch of elegance and sophistication. Consider wearing a hairpin, a comb, or a flower in your hair.
**6. Hair and Makeup:**
* **Hairstyle:** Choose a hairstyle that complements the qipao and your face shape. Classic hairstyles for qipao include updos, buns, and sleek ponytails. Consider adding hair accessories such as hairpins or combs.
* **Makeup:** Keep your makeup simple and elegant. Focus on enhancing your natural features. A classic red lip is a popular choice for qipao.
## Detailed Steps on How to Wear a Hanfu
Hanfu consists of several layers and requires a specific order for proper wearing.
**1. Understanding the Components:**
Before you start dressing, lay out all the components of the hanfu. A complete hanfu set typically includes:
* **Zhongyi (中衣):** The innermost layer, typically made of cotton or silk. It’s a simple tunic worn next to the skin.
* **Qun (裙) or Ku (褲):** A skirt (qun) or pants (ku). Skirts are more common for women, while pants are more common for men and for certain styles.
* **Shangyi (上衣):** An upper garment, such as a ru (襦 – a short jacket) or a pao (袍 – a long robe).
* **Yao Dai (腰带):** A belt or sash used to secure the clothing at the waist.
* **Bizi (蔽膝):** An optional apron-like piece worn over the skirt.
* **Headdress:** Various types of headdresses, depending on the style and occasion. This can include hairpins, combs, hats, and crowns.
**2. Putting on the Zhongyi:**
* **Wear the Zhongyi First:** The zhongyi is the foundation of the hanfu ensemble. Put it on like a regular tunic.
* **Ensure a Comfortable Fit:** The zhongyi should be comfortable and not too tight. It’s designed to be worn next to the skin, so choose a soft, breathable fabric.
**3. Putting on the Qun (Skirt) or Ku (Pants):**
* **Secure the Waistband:** The qun typically has a waistband that ties around the waist. Secure it snugly but not too tightly. The waistband should sit comfortably at your natural waistline.
* **Adjust the Pleats:** Ensure the pleats of the skirt are evenly distributed and fall gracefully. Adjust the length as needed.
* **For Ku (Pants):** Step into the pants and tie the waistband securely. The pants should be loose and comfortable.
**4. Putting on the Shangyi (Upper Garment):**
* **Wrap the Garment:** The shangyi, such as a ru or pao, is typically a wrap-style garment. Wrap it around your body, ensuring that the layers overlap properly.
* **Secure with Ties:** The shangyi usually has ties that secure it in place. Tie the ties snugly but not too tightly. The garment should fit comfortably and allow for freedom of movement.
* **Adjust the Collar:** Adjust the collar of the shangyi to ensure it sits properly. The collar should be neat and symmetrical.
**5. Securing the Yao Dai (Belt or Sash):**
* **Wrap the Yao Dai:** Wrap the yao dai around your waist, over the shangyi and qun/ku. The yao dai should be positioned at your natural waistline.
* **Tie the Yao Dai:** Tie the yao dai securely, ensuring that it holds the clothing in place. The knot can be tied in various styles, depending on the specific hanfu style.
* **Adjust the Length:** Adjust the length of the yao dai to ensure that the ends hang gracefully. The ends should be of equal length.
**6. Adding the Bizi (Optional):**
* **Position the Bizi:** If you are wearing a bizi, position it over the qun, in the front. The bizi should cover the front of the skirt and add an extra layer of decoration.
* **Secure the Bizi:** The bizi typically has ties that secure it around the waist. Tie the ties securely, ensuring that the bizi stays in place.
**7. Headdress and Accessories:**
* **Choose a Headdress:** Select a headdress that is appropriate for the style and occasion. Common headdresses include hairpins, combs, hats, and crowns.
* **Style Your Hair:** Style your hair in a way that complements the headdress. Traditional hanfu hairstyles often involve intricate updos and braids.
* **Add Accessories:** Add other accessories, such as jewelry and fans, to complete the look.
**8. Posture and Movement:**
* **Maintain Good Posture:** Stand tall with your shoulders back and your head held high. Good posture is essential for wearing hanfu with grace and elegance.
* **Move with Deliberation:** Move with deliberation and grace. Avoid rushing or making sudden movements.
* **Practice:** Practice wearing the hanfu and moving in it to become more comfortable and confident.
## Tips for Accessorizing Traditional Chinese Dresses
Accessories can enhance the beauty of your traditional Chinese dress and add a personal touch. Here are some tips:
* **Less is More:** Avoid over-accessorizing. Choose a few key pieces that complement the dress without overwhelming it.
* **Consider the Color Palette:** Choose accessories that match or complement the colors of the dress. Contrasting colors can also work well, but be sure to balance the overall look.
* **Incorporate Traditional Motifs:** Look for accessories that feature traditional Chinese motifs, such as dragons, phoenixes, flowers, and auspicious symbols.
* **Balance Proportions:** Choose accessories that are proportionate to your body size and the size of the dress. Avoid wearing oversized accessories with a delicate dress, or vice versa.
* **Comfort is Key:** Choose accessories that are comfortable to wear and don’t restrict your movement.
## Modern Interpretations of Traditional Chinese Dresses
If you’re looking for a more modern and wearable take on traditional Chinese dresses, consider these options:
* **Modernized Qipaos:** These dresses retain the basic silhouette of the qipao but incorporate modern fabrics, patterns, and design elements. They’re often shorter and more comfortable than traditional qipaos.
* **Hanfu-Inspired Clothing:** Many designers are creating clothing inspired by hanfu, but with a more contemporary twist. These garments often feature flowing silhouettes, wide sleeves, and traditional Chinese patterns.
* **Qipao Tops and Skirts:** Mix and match qipao-inspired tops and skirts with other pieces in your wardrobe to create unique and stylish outfits.
* **Incorporating Traditional Elements:** Add traditional Chinese elements to your everyday outfits, such as a mandarin collar top, a silk scarf with a Chinese pattern, or a pair of embroidered shoes.
## Where to Buy Traditional Chinese Dresses
* **Specialty Boutiques:** Look for specialty boutiques that sell traditional Chinese clothing. These stores often offer a wide selection of dresses in various styles, fabrics, and sizes.
* **Online Retailers:** Many online retailers sell traditional Chinese dresses. Be sure to read reviews and check the size charts carefully before making a purchase.
* **Custom Tailors:** Consider having a traditional Chinese dress custom-made by a tailor. This is a great option if you want a dress that fits you perfectly and reflects your personal style.
* **Museum Shops:** Some museums with Asian art collections sell traditional Chinese dresses in their gift shops.
## Caring for Your Traditional Chinese Dress
Proper care is essential to preserve the beauty and longevity of your traditional Chinese dress.
* **Read the Care Label:** Always read and follow the care instructions on the garment’s label.
* **Dry Cleaning:** Most traditional Chinese dresses, especially those made of silk or brocade, should be dry cleaned only.
* **Hand Washing:** If the care label allows, you can hand wash the dress in cold water with a mild detergent. Avoid using harsh chemicals or bleach.
* **Air Drying:** Never put a traditional Chinese dress in the dryer. Instead, hang it to air dry in a shaded area.
* **Ironing:** Iron the dress on a low setting, using a pressing cloth to protect the fabric.
* **Storage:** Store the dress in a garment bag in a cool, dry place. Avoid storing it in direct sunlight or in a humid environment.
## Conclusion
Wearing a traditional Chinese dress is a beautiful way to celebrate Chinese culture and express your personal style. By understanding the different types of dresses, choosing the right one for you, and following the detailed steps outlined in this guide, you can confidently and gracefully wear a traditional Chinese dress for any occasion. Remember to pay attention to the details, from choosing the right size and undergarments to accessorizing with care and maintaining good posture. With a little practice and attention to detail, you’ll be sure to make a stunning impression.