Unlocking the Past: A Comprehensive Guide to Identifying Depression Glass
Depression glass, a nostalgic artifact of the 1930s, holds a unique allure for collectors and history enthusiasts alike. Produced in vast quantities and often given away as premiums with purchases, this mass-produced glassware offered a touch of color and elegance during the harsh economic times of the Great Depression. However, its widespread distribution also means that accurately identifying genuine Depression glass can be a challenge. This comprehensive guide provides you with the knowledge and tools necessary to distinguish authentic Depression glass from reproductions and similar types of glassware.
What is Depression Glass?
Depression glass refers to inexpensive, mass-produced glassware made primarily during the 1930s in the United States. Its affordability was key, as it provided a small luxury for families struggling with poverty and hardship. The glass was typically machine-made, resulting in minor imperfections, and it came in a variety of colors, patterns, and forms, including plates, bowls, cups, saucers, and serving dishes.
Why is Identifying Depression Glass Important?
Identifying Depression glass is crucial for several reasons:
* **Authenticity:** Distinguishing genuine Depression glass from reproductions ensures that you are acquiring an authentic piece of history.
* **Value:** Genuine Depression glass, especially rarer patterns and colors, can hold considerable value. Proper identification helps you accurately assess the worth of your collection.
* **Preservation:** Understanding the characteristics of Depression glass allows you to care for it properly and preserve it for future generations.
* **Historical Significance:** Identifying Depression glass connects you to a specific era in American history, offering a tangible link to the past.
Key Characteristics of Depression Glass
Before diving into the identification process, it’s essential to understand the defining characteristics of Depression glass:
* **Color:** Depression glass was produced in a rainbow of colors, with green and pink being the most common. Other popular colors include amber, blue, yellow (canary), and iridescent variations. Rarer colors, such as amethyst, cobalt blue, and red, are more valuable.
* **Patterns:** Countless patterns were created during the Depression era, each with its unique design. Some popular patterns include Sharon (Cabbage Rose), Cherry Blossom, Miss America, Mayfair, and Royal Lace. Researching pattern names and visual examples is crucial for identification.
* **Manufacturing Imperfections:** Due to the mass-production techniques used, Depression glass often exhibits imperfections, such as bubbles, mold marks, straw marks (lines in the glass), and slight variations in color and thickness. These imperfections, while seemingly flaws, are often indicators of authenticity.
* **Thickness:** Depression glass is typically thinner and lighter than higher-quality glassware. This is a result of the manufacturing processes and the cost-saving measures employed during production.
* **Surface Texture:** The surface of Depression glass may feel slightly wavy or uneven due to the machine-molding process. Close examination can reveal subtle variations in texture.
* **Glowing Under Ultraviolet (UV) Light:** Some colors of Depression glass, particularly green (due to uranium content), will glow under UV light. This is a helpful, though not definitive, identification tool.
Step-by-Step Guide to Identifying Depression Glass
Follow these steps to effectively identify Depression glass:
**Step 1: Initial Inspection and Cleaning**
* **Handle with Care:** Depression glass can be fragile, so handle it gently to avoid damage.
* **Clean the Glass:** Wash the glass thoroughly with mild soap and warm water to remove any dirt or grime that may obscure its features. Use a soft cloth or sponge to avoid scratching the surface. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners.
* **Dry Completely:** Ensure the glass is completely dry before proceeding to the next step. Water droplets can distort the appearance and make it difficult to identify imperfections.
**Step 2: Color Assessment**
* **Identify the Color:** Determine the primary color of the glass. Common colors include green, pink, amber, blue, and yellow (canary). Note any variations or shades within the color.
* **Compare to Color Charts:** Use online resources or reference books to compare the color to established Depression glass color charts. This can help narrow down the potential patterns and manufacturers.
* **Consider Color Rarity:** Be aware that certain colors, such as amethyst, cobalt blue, and red, are less common and potentially more valuable.
**Step 3: Pattern Recognition**
* **Examine the Pattern:** Carefully examine the pattern on the glass. Note the motifs, shapes, and overall design. Look for recurring elements or distinctive features.
* **Utilize Pattern Identification Resources:** Use online databases, reference books, and collector guides specifically dedicated to Depression glass patterns. These resources typically include images and descriptions of various patterns.
* **Common Pattern Resources:**
* **Online Databases:** Websites like Replacements, Ltd. and eBay Guides often have sections dedicated to identifying Depression glass patterns. These sites usually allow you to search by color, pattern name, or motif.
* **Reference Books:** “Depression Glass & Beyond” by Hazel Marie Weatherman and “Warman’s Depression Glass Field Guide” by Ellen T. Schroyer are excellent resources for pattern identification.
* **Collector Clubs:** Joining a Depression glass collector club can provide access to expert knowledge and valuable resources.
* **Look for Trademark Indicators:** While not all Depression glass is marked, some pieces may have a manufacturer’s mark or logo. Examine the glass carefully for any raised or etched marks. Common manufacturers include Hazel-Atlas, Jeanette, and Anchor Hocking. Document any marks you find and research them to determine the manufacturer and potential pattern.
**Step 4: Inspect for Manufacturing Imperfections**
* **Examine Under Bright Light:** Hold the glass under a bright light source to reveal any imperfections.
* **Look for Bubbles:** Small bubbles trapped within the glass are common in Depression glass due to the manufacturing process.
* **Identify Mold Marks:** Mold marks, which appear as faint lines or seams, are another characteristic of mass-produced glassware.
* **Observe Straw Marks:** Straw marks are fine lines or striations that run through the glass. These are caused by the flow of molten glass during the molding process.
* **Assess Thickness Variations:** Check for slight variations in the thickness of the glass. Depression glass is typically thinner and less uniform than higher-quality glassware.
**Step 5: Assess the Overall Quality and Feel**
* **Feel the Texture:** Run your fingers over the surface of the glass to assess its texture. Depression glass may feel slightly wavy or uneven.
* **Check for Sharp Edges:** Examine the edges of the glass for any sharpness or roughness. Inexpensive manufacturing processes often resulted in less-refined edges.
* **Compare to Known Examples:** If possible, compare the glass to known examples of Depression glass in museums, antique stores, or private collections. This can help you develop a sense of the overall quality and feel of authentic pieces.
**Step 6: Utilize Ultraviolet (UV) Light (Optional)**
* **Obtain a UV Light:** Purchase a UV light (also known as a black light) from a hardware store or online retailer.
* **Test in a Dark Room:** Turn off the lights in a dark room and shine the UV light on the glass.
* **Observe the Glow:** Certain colors of Depression glass, particularly green (due to uranium content), will glow under UV light. The intensity of the glow can vary depending on the concentration of uranium.
* **Important Note:** While a glow under UV light can be an indicator of Depression glass, it is not a definitive test. Some modern reproductions also contain uranium and will glow under UV light. Also, not all Depression glass contains uranium.
**Step 7: Research and Consult Experts**
* **Online Research:** Conduct thorough online research using reputable sources. Look for information on specific patterns, colors, and manufacturers.
* **Collector Forums:** Participate in online collector forums or groups dedicated to Depression glass. These communities can provide valuable insights and assistance with identification.
* **Antique Appraisers:** If you are unsure about the authenticity or value of a piece, consider consulting a qualified antique appraiser specializing in Depression glass. They can provide expert opinions based on their knowledge and experience.
Common Depression Glass Patterns
Familiarizing yourself with common Depression glass patterns is essential for accurate identification. Here are a few popular examples:
* **Sharon (Cabbage Rose):** Characterized by its intricate cabbage rose design, this pattern was produced by Federal Glass Company in pink, green, and crystal.
* **Cherry Blossom:** This pattern features a delicate cherry blossom motif and was produced by Jeannette Glass Company in pink, green, and delphite (light blue).
* **Miss America:** Known for its geometric design and distinctive notched edges, Miss America was produced by Hocking Glass Company in pink, green, and crystal.
* **Mayfair:** This elegant pattern features a floral motif and was produced by Anchor Hocking Glass Company in pink, green, and yellow (canary).
* **Royal Lace:** Featuring a lacy, intricate design, Royal Lace was produced by Hazel-Atlas Glass Company in pink, green, and crystal.
* **Cameo (Ballerina):** This pattern by Hocking Glass features dancing ballerina figures amidst floral designs, commonly found in green and pink.
* **Adam:** Jeannette Glass produced this pattern with a ribbed body and delicate floral accents, frequently in pink and green.
* **Floral:** A more generic name, but often refers to specific floral patterns produced by various companies. Careful examination of the specific floral design is crucial for distinguishing them.
* **Madrid:** Federal Glass produced this pattern in amber, green, and red. It showcases a Spanish-influenced design.
Distinguishing Depression Glass from Similar Glassware
Several types of glassware resemble Depression glass, making accurate identification even more challenging. Here’s how to distinguish Depression glass from some common look-alikes:
* **Elegant Glass:** Elegant glass was produced during the same era as Depression glass, but it was made with higher-quality materials and more refined manufacturing techniques. Elegant glass typically has a smoother surface, sharper details, and fewer imperfections than Depression glass. It also tends to be heavier and more expensive.
* **Carnival Glass:** Carnival glass is iridescent glassware that was popular from the early 1900s through the 1920s. While some Carnival glass may resemble Depression glass in color, its iridescent sheen and heavier weight distinguish it.
* **Vaseline Glass:** Vaseline glass, also known as uranium glass, contains uranium and glows bright green under UV light. While some Depression glass also contains uranium, Vaseline glass typically has a more intense glow and a distinctive yellow-green color.
* **Modern Reproductions:** Many reproductions of Depression glass patterns have been produced in recent years. These reproductions often lack the imperfections and subtle details of authentic Depression glass. Pay close attention to the color, pattern, and overall quality of the glass to identify reproductions.
Caring for Your Depression Glass
Proper care is essential for preserving the beauty and value of your Depression glass collection:
* **Hand Wash Only:** Avoid washing Depression glass in the dishwasher, as the high heat and harsh detergents can damage the glass.
* **Use Mild Soap:** Wash the glass gently with mild soap and warm water. Avoid abrasive cleaners or scouring pads.
* **Dry Carefully:** Dry the glass thoroughly with a soft cloth to prevent water spots.
* **Store Safely:** Store Depression glass in a safe place where it will not be knocked over or damaged. Consider using padded shelves or display cases.
* **Avoid Extreme Temperatures:** Avoid exposing Depression glass to extreme temperature changes, as this can cause it to crack.
* **Display Away from Direct Sunlight:** Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can fade the color of Depression glass.
The Allure of Depression Glass: More Than Just Glassware
Depression glass offers more than just a beautiful aesthetic; it provides a tangible link to a significant period in American history. Owning and collecting Depression glass connects you to the stories of families who sought moments of beauty and resilience during challenging times. Each piece represents a small luxury, a touch of color in a world often painted in shades of gray.
The appeal of Depression glass lies not only in its affordability and charm but also in its historical significance. These delicate pieces serve as a reminder of the resourcefulness and enduring spirit of a generation that faced adversity with grace and determination. Identifying, collecting, and caring for Depression glass is more than a hobby; it’s a way to preserve a piece of American history and honor the stories of those who came before us.
By following this comprehensive guide, you’ll be well-equipped to unlock the secrets of Depression glass and appreciate the unique beauty and historical significance of these timeless treasures. Happy collecting!