Unlocking the Rainbow: A Complete Guide to Cooking and Enjoying Glass Gem Corn

Glass gem corn, with its kernels shimmering in a kaleidoscope of colors, is more than just a pretty face. It’s a testament to the rich diversity of heirloom corn varieties and a conversation starter for anyone interested in sustainable agriculture and unique foods. But unlike sweet corn, which is enjoyed fresh off the cob, glass gem corn is primarily a flint corn, best used for making cornmeal, hominy, or popping. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about glass gem corn, from understanding its unique properties to mastering various cooking methods.

## What is Glass Gem Corn?

Glass gem corn is a stunning variety of flint corn developed by Carl Barnes, an Oklahoma farmer of Cherokee descent. Barnes dedicated his life to preserving and revitalizing Native American corn varieties. Through careful cross-pollination, he created this visually striking corn, which displays kernels in a breathtaking array of colors – reds, blues, purples, pinks, yellows, whites, and even variegated combinations. Each cob is unique, making the harvest a truly magical experience. It’s important to note that the vibrant colors are entirely natural and not the result of genetic modification.

## Understanding Flint Corn vs. Sweet Corn

Before diving into cooking methods, it’s crucial to understand the difference between flint corn and sweet corn. Sweet corn, the type we typically eat fresh, has a high sugar content and a soft, milky kernel. Flint corn, on the other hand, has a hard outer layer and a lower sugar content. This hard outer layer makes it more resistant to pests and diseases, and it also gives it a longer shelf life. However, it also means that flint corn is not very palatable when eaten directly off the cob. Its primary uses are grinding into cornmeal, making hominy, or popping.

## Where to Find Glass Gem Corn

Finding glass gem corn can be an adventure in itself. Here are a few places to look:

* **Seed Companies:** Many reputable seed companies that specialize in heirloom or organic seeds will carry glass gem corn seeds. This allows you to grow your own and experience the joy of harvesting these beautiful cobs.
* **Farmers Markets:** Check with local farmers markets, especially those that feature heirloom or specialty produce. Farmers who grow glass gem corn may sell the dried cobs or the kernels.
* **Online Retailers:** Several online retailers specialize in selling dried beans, grains, and corn. Search for “glass gem corn kernels” or “glass gem corn cobs.”
* **Specialty Food Stores:** Some specialty food stores that carry unique or hard-to-find ingredients may stock glass gem corn products.

When purchasing glass gem corn, make sure it is from a reputable source to ensure its authenticity and quality.

## Preparing Glass Gem Corn for Cooking

Depending on how you intend to use your glass gem corn, the preparation will vary. Here’s a breakdown:

* **For Cornmeal:** The kernels need to be removed from the cob and dried thoroughly. You can either do this by air-drying the cobs for several weeks or by using a dehydrator. Once the kernels are completely dry, you can grind them into cornmeal using a grain mill or a high-powered blender.
* **For Hominy:** Hominy is made by soaking the kernels in an alkaline solution, traditionally lime (calcium hydroxide). This process removes the outer layer of the kernel and softens the corn. Making hominy requires specific instructions and precautions due to the use of lime; be sure to follow a reliable recipe.
* **For Popping:** While technically any corn can be popped, some varieties pop better than others. Glass gem corn can be popped, but the kernels may be smaller than those of popcorn-specific varieties. The kernels need to be removed from the cob and stored in an airtight container.

### Removing Kernels from the Cob

There are several ways to remove the kernels from the cob:

* **By Hand:** This is the most labor-intensive method, but it allows you to carefully inspect each kernel. Simply twist and pull the kernels off the cob one by one.
* **Using a Corn Kernel Remover:** These specialized tools are designed to quickly and efficiently remove kernels from the cob. They typically consist of a toothed ring that you slide along the cob, stripping off the kernels.
* **Using a Knife:** You can use a sharp knife to carefully cut the kernels off the cob. Be sure to cut away from yourself and keep your fingers out of the way.

## Cooking Methods for Glass Gem Corn

As mentioned earlier, glass gem corn is not typically eaten directly off the cob like sweet corn. Here are some of the most popular and delicious ways to enjoy it:

### 1. Grinding into Cornmeal

Making cornmeal from glass gem corn is a rewarding way to showcase its unique flavors and colors. The cornmeal can then be used in a variety of recipes.

**Ingredients:**

* Dried glass gem corn kernels

**Equipment:**

* Grain mill or high-powered blender
* Sifter (optional)

**Instructions:**

1. **Ensure Kernels are Dry:** Make sure the glass gem corn kernels are completely dry before grinding. This is crucial for achieving a fine and consistent cornmeal. If the kernels are slightly moist, they may clump together and be difficult to grind.
2. **Grind the Kernels:** Feed the dried kernels into your grain mill or high-powered blender. If using a grain mill, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for grinding corn. If using a blender, start on a low speed and gradually increase it until the kernels are ground into a fine powder.
3. **Sift the Cornmeal (Optional):** If you prefer a finer cornmeal, you can sift it through a fine-mesh sieve. This will remove any larger pieces of kernel. Sift the cornmeal over a bowl, discarding any large pieces that remain in the sieve.
4. **Store the Cornmeal:** Store the cornmeal in an airtight container in a cool, dry place. Properly stored cornmeal can last for several months.

**Tips for Grinding:**

* **Start with a Coarse Grind:** If you are unsure about the desired consistency, start with a coarse grind and gradually adjust the settings on your grain mill or blender until you achieve the desired fineness.
* **Cool the Blender:** If using a blender, be careful not to overheat it. Grind the kernels in small batches and allow the blender to cool down between batches.
* **Clean the Mill or Blender Thoroughly:** After grinding, clean your grain mill or blender thoroughly to remove any residual cornmeal.

**Recipes Using Glass Gem Cornmeal:**

* **Cornbread:** Substitute regular cornmeal with glass gem cornmeal for a uniquely colored and flavored cornbread.
* **Polenta:** Use glass gem cornmeal to make a vibrant and flavorful polenta.
* **Tortillas:** Add glass gem cornmeal to your tortilla dough for a rustic and colorful twist.
* **Pancakes:** Incorporate glass gem cornmeal into your pancake batter for a slightly nutty and textured pancake.

### 2. Making Hominy

Hominy is a traditional food made by nixtamalization – soaking corn kernels in an alkaline solution. This process softens the kernels, removes the outer layer (pericarp), and increases the nutritional value of the corn.

**Ingredients:**

* 1 pound dried glass gem corn kernels
* 1 gallon water
* 1/4 cup lime (calcium hydroxide – also known as slaked lime or pickling lime)

**Equipment:**

* Large stainless steel or enamel pot (do not use aluminum)
* Wooden spoon
* Colander

**Instructions:**

1. **Safety First:** Lime (calcium hydroxide) is caustic and can cause skin and eye irritation. Wear gloves and eye protection when handling it. Work in a well-ventilated area.
2. **Combine Ingredients:** In the large pot, combine the water and lime. Stir well until the lime is dissolved.
3. **Add Corn:** Add the dried glass gem corn kernels to the lime water. Stir to ensure the kernels are fully submerged.
4. **Simmer:** Bring the mixture to a simmer over medium heat. Reduce the heat to low, cover the pot, and simmer for 1-3 hours, or until the kernels are plump and the outer layer (pericarp) slips off easily. The exact cooking time will vary depending on the corn variety and the freshness of the lime.
5. **Check for Doneness:** To check for doneness, remove a kernel from the pot and rinse it under cold water. Gently rub the kernel between your fingers. If the outer layer slips off easily, the corn is ready.
6. **Rinse Thoroughly:** Once the corn is cooked, drain it in a colander. Rinse the corn thoroughly under cold running water for several minutes, rubbing the kernels together to remove any remaining lime and loose pericarp. This is a crucial step to remove all traces of the lime solution.
7. **Repeat Rinsing:** Repeat the rinsing process several times until the water runs clear and there is no trace of the lime solution.
8. **Optional: Remove Remaining Pericarp:** If there is still some pericarp clinging to the kernels, you can gently rub them between your fingers to remove it. This step is optional, as some people prefer to leave the pericarp on.
9. **Cook or Freeze:** The hominy is now ready to use. You can cook it in a variety of dishes or freeze it for later use.

**Tips for Making Hominy:**

* **Use High-Quality Lime:** Use food-grade calcium hydroxide (pickling lime) from a reputable source. Do not use agricultural lime or other types of lime that are not intended for food use.
* **Use a Non-Reactive Pot:** Do not use an aluminum pot, as the lime can react with the aluminum. Use a stainless steel or enamel pot instead.
* **Monitor the Water Level:** Check the water level periodically during simmering and add more water if necessary to keep the kernels submerged.
* **Adjust Cooking Time:** The cooking time will vary depending on the corn variety and the freshness of the lime. Check the kernels periodically for doneness and adjust the cooking time accordingly.
* **Rinse Thoroughly:** Rinsing the hominy thoroughly is essential to remove all traces of the lime solution. Taste a kernel after rinsing to make sure it is not bitter or alkaline. If it is, rinse it again.

**Recipes Using Hominy:**

* **Posole:** A traditional Mexican stew made with hominy, meat, and chili peppers.
* **Hominy Grits:** A Southern breakfast dish made with ground hominy.
* **Hominy Salad:** A refreshing salad made with hominy, vegetables, and a vinaigrette dressing.
* **Fried Hominy:** Hominy that is fried until golden brown and crispy.

### 3. Popping Glass Gem Corn

While glass gem corn isn’t specifically bred for popping like traditional popcorn, it can still be popped, albeit with smaller kernels and a slightly different texture. Popping glass gem corn is a fun experiment and a great way to appreciate its unique qualities.

**Ingredients:**

* Dried glass gem corn kernels
* 2 tablespoons oil (coconut oil, avocado oil, or vegetable oil)
* Salt to taste

**Equipment:**

* Large pot with a lid

**Instructions:**

1. **Heat the Oil:** Place the pot over medium-high heat and add the oil. Allow the oil to heat up for a minute or two until it shimmers.
2. **Add Corn Kernels:** Add about 1/4 cup of dried glass gem corn kernels to the pot. Make sure the kernels are in a single layer.
3. **Cover the Pot:** Cover the pot with the lid.
4. **Listen for Popping:** As the kernels heat up, they will start to pop. Listen carefully and gently shake the pot occasionally to prevent the kernels from burning.
5. **Remove from Heat:** Once the popping slows down to a few seconds between pops, remove the pot from the heat. Leave the lid on for a minute or two to allow any remaining kernels to pop.
6. **Season and Serve:** Pour the popped corn into a bowl and season with salt to taste. You can also add other seasonings, such as butter, herbs, or spices.

**Tips for Popping Glass Gem Corn:**

* **Use a Heavy-Bottomed Pot:** A heavy-bottomed pot will help to distribute the heat evenly and prevent the kernels from burning.
* **Don’t Overcrowd the Pot:** Popping the kernels in a single layer will ensure that they pop evenly. If you overcrowd the pot, some kernels may not pop.
* **Shake the Pot Gently:** Shaking the pot gently will help to prevent the kernels from burning and ensure that they pop evenly.
* **Adjust the Heat:** Adjust the heat as needed to prevent the kernels from burning. If the kernels are popping too quickly, reduce the heat. If they are not popping quickly enough, increase the heat.

**What to Expect When Popping Glass Gem Corn:**

* **Smaller Kernels:** The popped kernels will be smaller than those of traditional popcorn.
* **Chewier Texture:** The popped kernels may have a slightly chewier texture than traditional popcorn.
* **Unique Colors:** Some of the popped kernels may retain some of their original colors, creating a visually appealing snack.

### 4. Making Corn Stock

Even after using the kernels, the cobs of glass gem corn can be used to make a flavorful corn stock. This is a great way to reduce waste and extract every last bit of goodness from your harvest.

**Ingredients:**

* Cobs from 4-6 glass gem corn cobs (kernels removed)
* 8 cups water
* 1 onion, quartered
* 2 carrots, chopped
* 2 celery stalks, chopped
* 1 bay leaf
* 1 teaspoon salt
* 1/2 teaspoon black peppercorns

**Equipment:**

* Large pot or stockpot

**Instructions:**

1. **Combine Ingredients:** In the large pot or stockpot, combine the corn cobs, water, onion, carrots, celery, bay leaf, salt, and peppercorns.
2. **Bring to a Boil:** Bring the mixture to a boil over high heat.
3. **Simmer:** Reduce the heat to low, cover the pot, and simmer for at least 1 hour, or up to 3 hours. The longer you simmer the stock, the more flavorful it will be.
4. **Strain the Stock:** After simmering, remove the pot from the heat and let the stock cool slightly.
5. **Strain the stock through a fine-mesh sieve or cheesecloth-lined colander into a clean container. Discard the solids.
6. **Store the Stock:** Store the corn stock in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 5 days or in the freezer for up to 3 months.

**Tips for Making Corn Stock:**

* **Roast the Cobs (Optional):** For a richer and more complex flavor, you can roast the corn cobs in the oven before making the stock. To roast the cobs, preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C). Place the cobs on a baking sheet and roast for 20-30 minutes, or until they are lightly browned.
* **Add Other Vegetables:** You can add other vegetables to the stock, such as leeks, parsnips, or mushrooms, to enhance the flavor.
* **Adjust the Seasoning:** Adjust the seasoning to your liking. You can add more salt, pepper, or other herbs and spices.

**Uses for Corn Stock:**

* **Soup Base:** Use corn stock as a base for soups and stews.
* **Risotto:** Use corn stock to cook risotto for a creamy and flavorful dish.
* **Sauces:** Use corn stock to make sauces and gravies.
* **Braising Liquid:** Use corn stock as a braising liquid for meats and vegetables.

## Storing Glass Gem Corn

Proper storage is essential for preserving the quality of glass gem corn, whether it’s the whole cobs or the kernels. Here’s a guide:

* **Whole Cobs:** Store whole cobs in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. You can hang them in a mesh bag or store them in a basket. Make sure they are protected from pests and rodents. Properly stored cobs can last for several months.
* **Dried Kernels:** Store dried kernels in an airtight container in a cool, dry, and dark place. Properly stored kernels can last for up to a year.
* **Cornmeal:** Store cornmeal in an airtight container in the refrigerator or freezer to prevent it from becoming rancid. Cornmeal can last for several months in the refrigerator or up to a year in the freezer.
* **Hominy:** Cooked hominy can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 5 days or in the freezer for up to 3 months. Store it in an airtight container with some of the cooking liquid to keep it moist.

## The Cultural Significance of Glass Gem Corn

Beyond its culinary uses, glass gem corn holds significant cultural importance, particularly for Native American communities. It represents the preservation of ancestral knowledge and the importance of maintaining biodiversity. Carl Barnes’s work in revitalizing Native American corn varieties is a testament to the dedication and resilience of these communities. By growing and using glass gem corn, we can honor this heritage and support sustainable agriculture practices.

## Conclusion

Glass gem corn is a truly remarkable crop that offers both beauty and sustenance. Whether you’re grinding it into cornmeal, making hominy, popping it for a unique snack, or simply admiring its vibrant colors, glass gem corn is sure to add a touch of magic to your kitchen. By understanding its unique properties and following these cooking methods, you can unlock the full potential of this heirloom treasure and enjoy its delicious and nutritious benefits. Embrace the rainbow and embark on your own glass gem corn adventure!