Washer Won’t Drain? A Comprehensive Guide to Troubleshooting and Fixing the Problem

A washing machine that refuses to drain can be a homeowner’s nightmare. Laundry piles up, the machine emits a musty odor, and you’re left with a tub full of stagnant water. Before you call a costly repair technician, you can often diagnose and fix the problem yourself. This comprehensive guide will walk you through step-by-step instructions to troubleshoot and resolve common washing machine drainage issues. Let’s get that laundry flowing again!

Understanding the Drainage System of Your Washing Machine

Before we dive into troubleshooting, it’s essential to understand how your washing machine’s drainage system works. Here are the key components:

• Drain Pump: This is the workhorse of the drainage system. It’s a small motor-powered pump that forces water out of the tub and into the drain hose.
• Drain Hose: This flexible hose carries the water away from the pump and into your home’s drain system.
• Drain Filter/Lint Trap: Many washing machines have a filter or lint trap designed to catch debris like lint, coins, and buttons that could clog the pump.
• Standpipe: This is the vertical pipe where your drain hose is inserted, connected to your house’s plumbing system.

Common Reasons Why Your Washer Won’t Drain

Several issues can cause a washing machine to fail to drain. Here are the most common culprits:

• Clogged Drain Hose: This is the most frequent cause. Debris like lint, small items, or even kinks in the hose can obstruct water flow.
• Clogged Drain Pump or Filter: The pump or filter can become clogged with small objects and lint, preventing the water from being pumped out.
• Faulty Drain Pump: A damaged or burnt-out pump won’t be able to push the water out.
• Blocked Standpipe: A blockage in your house’s plumbing drain system can cause backflow and prevent the washing machine from draining.
• Air Lock: Sometimes, a vacuum can form in the drain system, preventing the water from draining properly.
• Lid Switch or Timer Issues: In rare cases, a faulty lid switch or timer could prevent the drain cycle from starting.

Troubleshooting and Step-by-Step Fixes

Now, let’s get to the meat of the matter: how to fix your non-draining washing machine. Remember to always unplug your washing machine before attempting any repairs. This is crucial for your safety.

Step 1: Safety First – Unplug the Washing Machine

Before you do anything, unplug your washing machine from the electrical outlet. This will prevent any potential electrical shocks during the repair process. If there is standing water in the tub and you are unable to move the washer, use extreme caution. You might consider using a shop vac to remove the water to further minimize risk.

Step 2: Check the Drain Hose for Obstructions and Kinks

The drain hose is the first place to check for problems. Follow these steps:

1. Locate the Drain Hose: The drain hose is usually connected to the back of the washing machine and runs to a standpipe or sink.
2. Visually Inspect the Hose: Look for any obvious kinks, bends, or twists in the hose. Straighten any kinks that you find.
3. Detach the Hose: Carefully detach the hose from both the washing machine and the standpipe. Have a bucket or towel ready in case of water spillage.
4. Examine the Hose Interior: Check the interior of the hose for any obstructions. You can use a flexible wire, a straightened coat hanger, or a specialized drain snake to dislodge any debris. Be gentle to avoid damaging the hose.
5. Rinse the Hose: Once you’ve removed any blockages, run water through the hose to flush out any remaining debris.
6. Reattach the Hose: Securely reattach the drain hose to both the washing machine and the standpipe.

After completing this step, run a short wash cycle to see if the issue is resolved.

Step 3: Inspect the Drain Pump and Filter/Lint Trap

If the drain hose is clear, the next step is to inspect the drain pump and filter.

1. Locate the Pump Access Panel: The location of the pump access panel varies depending on your washing machine model. It is usually located on the front bottom of the machine behind a small panel. Consult your owner’s manual if necessary.
2. Prepare for Water Spillage: Place a shallow pan or towel under the access panel as some water may spill when the panel is opened.
3. Open the Access Panel: Open the pump access panel and remove any screws or clips securing it.
4. Locate the Filter/Lint Trap: Within the access area, you will find a small filter or lint trap. The location and design of these filters can vary.
5. Remove and Clean the Filter: Carefully remove the filter and clean any debris (lint, hair, small items, etc.) that you find. You can use an old toothbrush, toothpick, or a small brush to remove the stubborn lint. Rinse it thoroughly with water.
6. Inspect the Drain Pump: While the filter is removed, you may be able to see the impeller of the drain pump. Check to see if it is blocked. Sometimes coins or small objects get caught there. If accessible, carefully remove any obstructions. Avoid forcing anything.
7. Reinstall the Filter: Once the filter and the pump area are clear, reinstall the filter properly.
8. Close the Access Panel: Securely close the pump access panel, ensuring it is properly fastened.

After completing this step, run a short wash cycle to test whether the drain pump is working correctly.

Step 4: Check for a Blocked Standpipe

If the washing machine’s drain hose and pump are clear, the issue may lie with your house’s drainage system. The standpipe can sometimes be clogged.

1. Locate the Standpipe: This is the pipe where the washing machine’s drain hose inserts into your home’s plumbing system.
2. Check for Obstructions: Look inside the standpipe for any visible blockages.
3. Use a Plunger: If you can see a partial obstruction, use a small plunger to try and dislodge it.
4. Use a Drain Snake: If the obstruction is deep inside the pipe, use a drain snake or auger to break up the clog. Insert the snake carefully and rotate it to break up the blockage.
5. Flush with Water: Once you think the clog is gone, run some water down the standpipe to make sure it flows freely.

After clearing the standpipe, reconnect your washing machine’s drain hose and test the drain cycle.

Step 5: Dealing with an Air Lock

Sometimes, an air lock can prevent the washer from draining. This occurs when a vacuum forms in the drain system, preventing the water from flowing properly. Here are a couple of ways to address this:

• Loosen the Drain Hose: Gently loosen the drain hose where it connects to the standpipe (or sink). This can release the vacuum. Be prepared for some water spillage and have towels handy. After a few minutes, tighten the connection and try a drain cycle.
• Create an Air Gap: Some recommend making an air gap by lifting a section of the drain hose slightly to allow air to enter. This can often break the vacuum seal.

Step 6: Test the Drain Pump

If you’ve cleared all the other potential blockages and the machine still won’t drain, the drain pump itself may be faulty. You will need to test it with a multimeter, or replace the part.

1. Locate the Drain Pump: Refer to your washing machine’s manual to find the location of your drain pump.
2. Disconnect Power: As always, ensure the washing machine is unplugged from the power source before any work.
3. Access the Drain Pump: You may have to remove a panel or components to reach the pump.
4. Remove Connections: Carefully detach the wiring connectors to the drain pump. Take pictures beforehand so you can reconnect them properly.
5. Test the Drain Pump with a Multimeter: Set your multimeter to the appropriate resistance setting (ohms). Place the probes on the terminals of the drain pump’s motor. A low resistance reading will indicate that it is working. If the pump reads extremely high resistance (or open loop) this indicates that the drain pump is likely bad and will need replacement.
6. Replace the Drain Pump: If the testing indicates a bad pump, purchase a replacement that matches the model of your washing machine and install it.
7. Reconnect all Components: Ensure all wiring is correct, and all panels are properly reinstalled.

If you are not comfortable with electrical testing, you should seek professional assistance. However, replacing a drain pump is usually a straightforward job for anyone who is comfortable with general home repairs.

Step 7: Check Lid Switch and Timer (Less Common)

Although less frequent, a faulty lid switch or timer can occasionally cause drainage issues. A lid switch ensures that the washer only operates when the lid is closed. If this switch is faulty, the machine may not initiate the drain cycle. A malfunctioning timer can also disrupt the drainage process.

To check a lid switch you may need a multimeter or you could attempt to bypass the switch to determine if the component is faulty. If you are uncomfortable performing these steps it may be best to seek the help of a professional.

If you suspect either of these components are at fault, it may be best to contact a professional appliance repair technician, or consult your owner’s manual for troubleshooting tips, or further information.

When to Call a Professional

While most drainage issues can be addressed with the above steps, there are situations where it’s best to call a professional:

• If You Are Not Comfortable: If you feel uncomfortable disassembling your washing machine or dealing with electrical components, don’t hesitate to call a qualified appliance repair technician.
• Persistent Issues: If you have tried all the troubleshooting steps and the washer still isn’t draining, there might be an underlying problem that requires expert attention.
• Complex Repairs: Issues like motor problems or a malfunctioning timer are more complex to diagnose and require professional intervention.

Preventing Future Drainage Problems

Once your washer is draining properly again, it’s a good idea to take steps to prevent future problems:

• Regularly Clean the Lint Filter: Clean the lint filter after each wash cycle. This is the simplest and most effective way to prevent clogs.
• Check Pockets: Always check pockets for coins, buttons, and other small objects before washing clothes.
• Avoid Overloading: Avoid overloading the washing machine with too many clothes. Overloading can lead to poor water circulation, which results in excessive lint buildup and clogs.
• Periodically Inspect the Drain Hose: Check your drain hose regularly for kinks or damage and replace it if necessary.
• Annual Maintenance: Consider a professional service once a year. A technician can check all the components and address minor issues before they become major problems.

Conclusion

Dealing with a washer that won’t drain can be frustrating. However, by following these troubleshooting steps and instructions, you can often diagnose and fix the problem yourself. Remember to always prioritize safety by unplugging the machine before attempting repairs. If the problem persists, don’t hesitate to call in a professional. With a little effort and diligence, you can get your washing machine back up and running and avoid unnecessary repair costs.